In our daily life, motor drive systems are commonly used in externally operated windows. The motor drive system has two forms, namely a hinged link drive mechanism and a cable drive mechanism. Which kind of transmission mechanism is used in a car, in addition to other criteria, depends to a large extent on the available installation space in the door.
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First, let us introduce what is a hinged link transmission mechanism (gear type lifting mechanism), when the drive motor drives a sector gear that meshes with the hinged link transmission mechanism through a pinion. This transmission mechanism can work in both forward and reverse directions. Another cable-type transmission mechanism (the cable elevator mechanism) drives the motor to drive the cable lifting mechanism through the cable drum.
Window drive motor: Only a flat motor can be used in the space inside the door. The reduction transmission mechanism is a self-locking worm gear transmission mechanism, and can prevent accidental and forced opening of the window. Damping elements combined in the drive train ensure good cushioning of the window at two extreme positions.
Window drive control: Manual control of the window can be achieved by using the swing switch. To improve handling comfort, the window can also be driven using a centralized or decentralized window closing mechanism. The window automatically closes when the driver leaves the car or is in a ventilated position.
When closing the window, the window closing force limit (SKB, Schlieβkraftbegrenzung) is preset so as to avoid pinching any part of the occupant's body. According to the German road traffic rules, the window closing force limit must be activated within a 200-4 mm adjustment range from the upper opening when the window is closed upwards.
During adjustment, the Hall speed sensor inside the combined window drive mechanism monitors the drive motor speed. If the drive motor decelerates, the motor will immediately rotate in the opposite direction. The window closing force should not exceed 100N when the spring stiffness is 10 N/mm. In order to ensure that the window can be closed every time, the window closing force limit is automatically cut off before the window enters the sealing strip until the driving motor is in a locked state. The window position can be detected by the total adjustment stroke.
Window drive control can be incorporated in a central electronic control unit or combined in a decentralized window drive motor to reduce wire harness costs. The distributed electronic system is networked via a bus interface, such as a LIN bus or a CAN bus. This has the advantage of enabling fault diagnosis of the electronic system and further reducing the wiring harness.
The sunroof drive combines the sunroof lift and movement functions. Special motor control is required for this purpose. In motor control, the mechanical lock limit travel switch can change the sunroof from off to on or lifted by the polarity on the terminal. When the sunroof is in the open or lifted state, changing the polarity of the limit travel switch can cause the sunroof to be closed or lowered. If the lifting or moving mechanism is connected to the central locking mechanism, the advantage is that the electronic control of the sunroof closing force limit can be utilized together. The sunroof drive control uses a microcomputer. The microcomputer processes the input signal of the sunroof motion and monitors the position of the sunroof movement. The original position of the sunroof and the extreme position of the movement can be controlled by means of a micro switch or a Hall position sensor. There are also other functions such as: budgetable position control, use of rain sensors to close the sunroof, drive motor speed control, and electronic protection of the drive motor.
Drive system: The sunroof is driven by a cable or a tension and pressure control cable. Most of the drive motors are mounted directly in the sunroof or in the rear of the car, such as in a trunk. The drive motor is a permanent magnet excitation worm gear drive motor with an output power of approximately 30W. Use thermal protection switches or software thermal protection (primary) to prevent motor overload. In the event of an electrical system failure, be sure to close the sunroof with a simple on-board tool.
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