1 emergency lighting power supply
(1) Considering that the time required for switching the high and low voltage power supply of the power distribution system is not guaranteed, it is necessary to use the battery as an emergency backup power source. Diesel generator sets that are independent of the normal power source can also be selected depending on the size of the emergency lighting load and the requirements for conversion time and continuous working time.
(2) The emergency lighting power supply unit is recommended to use normal mains + with battery emergency lights, which is a relatively reliable and economical solution. When selecting the emergency light, the battery used in the product should be of good quality.
(3) Conditional engineering emergency lighting power supply unit can adopt the scheme of normal mains + EPS centralized power supply. With the promotion of EPS, the cost is declining, and it is recommended for places with high requirements for emergency lighting control and management.
(4) Normal utility power refers to the design method of normal distribution power supply according to different construction load categories (such as one type of load requirement dual power supply, two types of load requirements double circuit, three types of load without special requirements) (such as special emergency lighting Electric boxes, floor lighting distribution dedicated circuits, etc.) should be available.
(5) A group of emergency lighting is not recommended to use excessive overlap configuration of normal mains + centralized EPS power supply + self-contained battery emergency lights to save investment.
(6) Working hours for emergency lighting power supply: Evacuation lighting should be determined according to the relevant fire protection design specifications. For emergency lighting and evacuation indication signs, the battery can be used as backup power supply, and the continuous power supply time should not be less than 20min and the height should exceed 100m. The continuous power supply time of the high-rise building should not be less than 30min; the emergency lighting supply time of the refuge should not be less than 1.00h; the standby lighting should be determined according to the required continuous working time, and it is not appropriate to consider the normal working time of the standby lighting according to the requirements of wartime and civil air defense. To save investment.
2 emergency lighting settings
The location, location and installation height of the fire emergency lighting fixtures are clearly defined in the “high regulations†and the specifications of the relevant buildings.
(1) Closed stairwells, smoke-proof stairwells or evacuation walkways often only have induction lamps and exit lights, and no evacuation lights are provided. Although induction lamps and exit sign lights can be used as part of evacuation lighting, illumination is often not achieved. Claim. Evacuation lights are generally located on the wall or under the ceiling. The position is relatively high. It is mainly used in the early stage of the fire and in the case of a large number of evacuated personnel. When the fire develops, the smoke rises and is often blocked, and then the low position Inducing the lamp, the action time and effect of the two are not exactly the same, and cannot be replaced, and it is not possible to take only one of them.
(2) The escalator cannot be used as an evacuation exit, its exit sign lights and related induction lights or sign lights guiding shopping in the mall. Various function sign lights such as airports and stations cannot be included in the evacuation lighting system, but can be used as normal standby lighting. Power supply object.
(3) Emergency lighting should be provided in the vicinity of the fire alarm button, fire hydrant button, fire telephone jack and other fire protection facilities in the evacuation passage or front room.
(4) Large-scale public buildings have large areas, complex planes, many fire compartments, many exits, and many fire shutters. Some designers do not first understand the boundary of the fire zone and the fire zone of each safety exit. Evacuation-inducing lights are more casual, and even mislead personnel to the exit of another fire zone. Once the fire shutters fall, the escapers will be at a loss. In addition, some places, such as shopping malls, are difficult to install low-level lamps. Because they are all around the counter, they have to be suspended. At this time, the height should not be too random. It should be controlled at 2.20~2.50m. If the installation is too high, it is vulnerable to fire smoke. Occlusion affects visibility.
(5) For the larger civil defense basement, there are several personal defense units, and several fire protection zones, and there are crossovers. Evacuation lighting design is difficult because the wartime exits are not exactly the same as the usual exits, often in normal times. Security exports should be blocked during wartime, and wartime mouth exports should be closed. Wartime and usual induction lamp spacing requirements are different, pointing is also different, many designs are mixed and expressed on one picture, there is no difference in the legend, the picture is not added with "note", so wartime and usual lighting should be promoted separately. Under the premise of the construction professional division map, the boundary line of civil air defense, unit and fire protection zone is clearly indicated, so that all parties involved in design, review, construction and supervision can understand that it can greatly reduce errors and facilitate the conversion and installation during the war. Of course, the relatively simple civil defense basement can be clearly expressed in legends or legends.
In addition, the underground garage is used to induce the exit sign lights and induction lights of the car, and should be different from the guides and selection of the guide personnel. One thing must be very clear-headed. In the case of fire, it is mainly to solve the evacuation of people. The vehicle's induced sign lights should not be included in the fire emergency lighting system, but can be incorporated into the standby lighting. The car ramp exit cannot be used as an evacuation exit for personnel, mainly to prevent people from mixing and transporting. There is also an adjacent civil air defense unit, which has a two-way open closed door which is an evacuation exit. Both sides of the door should be provided with wartime exit sign lights, but the emergency power supply should be taken from the lighting circuits of each unit.
3 emergency lighting control
(1) Fire emergency lighting equipment should use a dedicated power supply circuit; each fire zone should have an independent emergency lighting circuit.
(2) When using distributed power supply, special fire emergency lighting distribution box or special fire distribution box should be set in each floor (or no more than 3~4 layers); two independent power sources should be realized at the distribution box. Automatic switching of (or double-circuit line).
(3) Evacuation lighting When emergency lighting with battery is used, the normal power supply can be connected to the dedicated circuit of the distribution box of this floor (or this area), or the special fire protection from this layer (or this area). Electric box.
(4) Fire emergency lighting should be able to automatically cut off the non-fire power supply of the relevant part after the fire is confirmed. According to different requirements of the project, the mode of emergency lighting controlled by the fire duty room can be used, and the mode of decentralized local control can also be adopted.
(5) Evacuation lighting not normally used should be centrally controlled in the fire duty room or power distribution room.
(6) The standby lighting is part of the normal power supply, and the distribution line and control switch should be set separately at the same time; the standby lighting is only used in the accident state, and the application is automatically put into operation in the case of normal power failure.
(7) Evacuation lighting and alternate lighting circuits should be separated.
(8) For ease of management and control, stairwell lighting can be vertically distributed and connected to emergency lighting power.
(9) The setting of the control switch should not affect the action of the emergency lighting, that is, regardless of the state of the control switch (opening and closing), after the main power supply is cut off, the emergency power supply should quickly and automatically illuminate the emergency lighting system. We can slightly adjust the distribution lines and improve the wiring method to meet fire safety requirements. See the specific method.
In order to set the switch's own power supply independent control type emergency lighting circuit diagram: the power supply line is connected to the general lighting distribution box, the power is lost in the case of fire, QF is a miniature circuit breaker, usually normally closed, to ensure that the emergency lighting of the built-in battery is in the charging state K1 is a single control switch. When it is closed, the light is on. When it is off, the light is off. When a fire occurs, the power supply route loses power, and the single control switch is in any position, which can discharge the battery and illuminate the fire emergency lighting.
2 is the centralized power supply centralized control type emergency lighting circuit diagram for setting the switch: the power supply line is connected to the fire-fighting special power supply circuit, there is electricity in the case of fire, L is the fire alarm linkage contactor (normally disconnected), and K2 is the dual control switch. When the fire occurs, the alarm linkage contactor is closed, the L1 circuit is energized, and the dual control switch is in any position, and the power supply can be used to illuminate the fire emergency lighting.
4 line laying and protection
(1) The line of fire emergency lighting shall be laid in accordance with the requirements of the fire-fighting distribution line.
(2) The branch line of the fire emergency lighting system should not cross the fire zone, and the branch trunk should not cross the fire zone.
(3) The wires used for fire emergency lighting should meet the requirements of fire protection regulations. The wires used for evacuation lighting should not be used with fire-resistant wires to save investment.
(4) Evacuation lighting, sockets should not be installed on the circuit of standby lighting.
(5) Dimming devices should not be used for emergency lighting.
(6) The power supply for fire emergency lighting should not be equipped with leakage protection. When the line has a ground fault, a single-phase grounding alarm device should be provided. To protect the safety of firefighters, fire evacuation lighting can be removed after the permitted working hours allowed by the code.
(7) The power supply identification (charging) line should be set for the discretely installed emergency lighting with battery.
(8) When the power supply identification line is taken out from the distribution box, consider the protection according to the following conditions: 1 When the main switch protection setting value of the distribution box is below 20A, the additional protection may be disregarded; 2 when the main switch protection setting value of the distribution box For fuses larger than 20A, fuse protection with indication should be used. When extracting multiple identification lines from the distribution box, it is advisable to consider one protection fuse per phase.
5 lighting options
(1) Emergency lighting, especially the source of evacuation lighting, must have the characteristics of “quick start†and “wide voltage startâ€. Lamps suitable for standby and safety levels are mainly incandescent lamps, iodine-tungsten lamps, electronic ballast compact fluorescent lamps and electronic ballast fluorescent lamps. Fire emergency lighting fixtures that use fluorescent lamps as the light source should not connect the starter to the emergency circuit. Inductive ballast fluorescent lamps should not be used as emergency evacuation lights because they are unreliable to start.
(2) Evacuation sign lights should generally use special lamps, with clear signs and clear direction.
(3) Emergency lighting and light evacuation indication signs shall be provided with protective covers made of glass or other non-combustible materials. Evacuation sign lights use special lamps. When evacuation lighting is used as part of normal lighting, in order to achieve the decoration effect, the same type of lamp as normal lighting is often used, such as downlights, ceiling lamps, grille fluorescent lamps, trunking lamps, etc., the protective cover materials of these lamps are often not incombustible. Materials, this practice is absolutely not allowed.
(4) The capacity of the luminaire is properly selected. For fire evacuation lighting, the minimum illumination should not be lower than 0.5Lx, such as: elevator car, fire hydrant, escalator safety exit, steps, evacuation corridor, indoor passage, public exit, etc. The standby lighting that continues to work temporarily, the illumination is not less than 10% of the general illumination of the place, such as: exhibition hall, multi-purpose hall, restaurant, business hall, dangerous place, refuge floor, etc. For standby lighting for continuous operation, the illumination requirements are normal, such as: power distribution room, fire control room, fire pump room, generator room, battery room, telephone room, BAS central control room, etc. In addition, after the normal power supply is cut off, the power conversion time of emergency lighting should meet: evacuation lighting ≤ 15s, standby lighting ≤ 15s (financial commercial trading place ≤ 1.5s), safety lighting ≤ 0.5s.
(5) In addition, emergency lighting requires a good light environment. The luminosity and color rendering properties are suitable; the brightness distribution is reasonable; the field of view is comfortable. At the same time, consideration should be given to the rational use of funds and energy conservation, taking into account factors such as economy, aesthetics, safety, firmness, convenience and ease of maintenance.
Correct setting of emergency lighting, especially the correct choice of its power supply mode and control mode, is of great significance for enhancing the disaster prevention capability of buildings. In addition, in the case of fully meeting the requirements of the specification and control functions, as a designer, measures should be taken to reduce the energy consumption of emergency lighting. The above is some of my work experience in design practice, I would like to discuss with you.
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