Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Science and Technology jointly issued the "Mid-term and Long-term Development Plan for the Automotive Industry" (hereinafter referred to as the "Planning"). It is proposed that in the next 10 years, China will use new energy vehicles and intelligent network-linked vehicles. In order to seize opportunities, catch up with the breakthrough in development and build a powerful automobile country.
Needless to say, the development of new energy vehicles will once again be a good opportunity. The "planning" made it clear that by 2020, major breakthroughs will be made in key technologies, and a number of new energy auto companies will be formed to enter the top 10 in the world. By 2025, the new energy auto backbone enterprises will further increase their global influence and market share.
Have the foundation for forming a global innovation lead
China's new energy automotive industry started in 2009 and its development can be described as a success.
According to information from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, 17,000 units were promoted and applied before 2012, and 101,000 units were promoted and applied during 2013 to 2014. In 2015, it jumped to 379,000 units. In 2016, it produced 517,000 units. Over 1 million vehicles have been promoted, accounting for more than 50% of the global market, and the scale of the industry is leading the world.
"After rapid development in recent years, the technical level of China's new energy vehicles has been significantly improved, and the competitiveness of enterprises has increased substantially," said the person in charge of the Equipment Industry Division of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
The data confirms. At the end of 2016, the power battery cell energy density reached 220 Wh/kg and the price was RMB 1.5/Wh, which was 1.7 times higher than that of 2012 and the price was down by 60%.
In the process, many companies have emerged as the backbone of the industry's development. In 2016, BYD, Geely, BAIC and other companies entered the world's top 10 sales of new energy passenger vehicles; Ningde Times, Jingjin Electric and other battery motor companies have become world-renowned suppliers.
Not to be underestimated, the development of new energy vehicles has driven investment in the upstream and downstream industries, linking key links in the industrial chain of basic materials, key components, and manufacturing equipment, and establishing a complete, safe and controllable industrial system. "It should be said that China's new energy automotive industry has made positive progress in development, and is basically in sync with the international advanced level, and has a good foundation for the formation of global innovation in the field of new energy vehicles." The above-mentioned person in charge concluded.
Promote new energy vehicle R&D and application
According to the "planning", the next step, China will accelerate the development and industrialization of new energy vehicle technology. Focusing on power battery and battery management system, motor drive and power electronics assembly, electric vehicle intelligent technology, fuel cell power system, plug-in/extended hybrid power system and pure electric power system, 6 innovation chains will be deployed.
In the implementation of power battery upgrades, we will give full play to the role of power battery innovation center and power battery industry innovation alliance platform, and carry out joint research on power battery key materials, single cells and battery management systems, and accelerate the realization of a revolutionary breakthrough in power batteries.
At the same time, we have mastered key technologies such as drive motors and control systems, electromechanical coupling devices, and increased-range engines to support the full-chain technical breakthroughs of power batteries and fuel cells, and significantly increase the integrated control and positive development capabilities of new energy vehicles.
In addition, the improvement of the standard system for new energy vehicles is also a major task of the Plan. "Planning" stressed that China should improve the access threshold for new energy vehicle manufacturing enterprises and products, strengthen the inspection of factory safety performance, strengthen the supervision of new energy vehicle production, and establish and improve new energy vehicle classification registration, traffic management, tax insurance, and vehicle maintenance. Second-hand car management and other policy systems, and gradually expand the pilot demonstration range of fuel cell vehicles.
Based on this, the "planning" clearly shows that by 2020, the annual production and sales of new energy vehicles will reach 2 million units, and the specific power of battery cells will reach 300 watt hours per kilogram or more, and it will strive to achieve 350 watt-hours per kilogram. 260 watt-hours/kg, costs down to 1 yuan/Wh. By 2025, new energy vehicles will account for more than 20% of automobile production and sales, and the power battery system will have a specific energy of 350 Wh/kg.
The ordinary achromatic lens refers to a lens group that corrects the chromatic aberration of light of three wavelengths (blue, green, and red).
Because the blue image of the light condensed by the converging lens has a close focus, and the concave lens has a high divergence rate for the blue light, the chromatic aberration of the two mirrors is opposite to each other, so that the red and blue images can be superimposed into one, basically eliminating chromatic aberration.
The shape is a crescent shape (concave and convex), which is cemented by two lenses with different refractive indexes and dispersion rates. After that, a multilayer bonded achromatic lens appears.
The achromatic lens can not only achromatize, but also aspherical aberration by appropriately changing the radius of curvature of each surface. If the two glasses that make up the doublet lens can be selected arbitrarily, it can also eliminate coma.
There are also three or four shades of chromatic aberration correction, at this time the residual chromatic aberration is smaller, but due to difficulties in design and manufacturing, such achromatic lenses are only used in some special occasions. Achromatic lenses are widely used, and a multi-lens optical system is often composed of multiple achromatic lenses. High-quality microscope objectives, photographic lenses, etc. are all complex lens combination systems that both achromatize and eliminate various other monochromatic aberrations.
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