The internal structure of the motor is not very clear to the riders. Next we walk inside the motor to see what the internal components are.
First, start with the magnets that car lovers care most about. There are many types of magnetic steel, and there are three common types: ferrite, aluminum nickel cobalt, and neodymium iron boron. As a rare earth permanent magnet material, NdFeB can release a strong magnetic energy product in a limited volume, making it possible to miniaturize a DC motor. Therefore, in addition to the earliest ferroelectrics, the electric vehicle motor is basically a world of NdFeB. The magnets here are no longer individually identified. Magnetic steel is a commodity. Since it is a commodity, there are three or six, etc., so how do the magnetic steel logo distinguish between good and bad? The first is the grade. The magnetic steel grades have EH, UH, SH, H, M, N standards from high to low, and the corresponding temperature resistance coefficient is 200, 180, 150, 120, 100, 80. The higher the temperature resistance coefficient, the better. After all, the motor itself will heat up. After the heat is generated, the demagnetization will affect the life of the motor. In front of the magnetic steel grade, there will usually be a number. This number is generally 35, 38, 40. These digital signs are interpreted with strong technical terms. As long as you know that the number is larger, the basic principle of magnetic strength is fine. Nowadays, the motors on the market are generally made of 38M material magnetic steel with a temperature resistance of 100 degrees, and the standard H material magnetic steel can be used rarely.
Determine the material and then look at the height. Since the working principle of the motor is simply electromagnetic conversion, then you need enough power or load to have enough power, which is bound to require a sufficient volume of magnetic steel. Generally, the motor factory is only rated height, and the thickness width is not marked, and the demagnetization of the magnetic steel is closely related to the thickness (for example, the magnetite demagnetization of 3 mm thick will not exceed 3% in 2 hours under the 100 degree standard, In the same environment of 2.5 mm thickness, the demagnetization is in the range of 5-8%, and the thickness of the two is more than 10%. In contrast, the effect of the width on the motor is not very large. The black-hearted motor has already begun on the market. Oh, my heart.
After we finished the magnetic steel, we said that the iron core, the earliest motor is made up of a single sheet of silicon steel in the motor factory, so it is still called a silicon steel sheet, the two are the same. The core material is generally cold-rolled (there are hot-rolled sheets before 06), and the grades are 800, 600, 470, 400, 350, 300 from high to low. What do these brands mean? Taking cold rolling 470 as an example, the iron loss value is 4.7w/kg. The specific explanation may be complicated. As long as you know that the iron loss value is not good for the motor, the lower the better, the lower the grade also represents The more expensive the steel, and the effect of each steel mill production is not the same, taking domestic steel as an example, the same brand is the best under WISCO, Baosteel Taigang is closely followed, of course, the best steel is imported Germany Or Japan, just won't appear in the electric motor industry.
Then we look at the enameled wire. Enameled wire is generally used on electric motor motor only two brands 130-2 or 180-1, then how to understand this data? Among them, 130 and 180 refer to the work temperature resistance of the enameled wire, then 180 is naturally better; -1 and -2 respectively refer to the thin paint film and the thick paint film, that is, the surface thickness problem. No citation If the motor uses 180-1, the effect will be better than 130-2.
Then there is the eight-core line, which is commonly known as the east of the lead line. The XX square of the motor factory logo refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the three phase lines, generally according to the following rules: 800w or less, 1.5 square; 800-1000, 2 square; 1000-1500, 2.5 or 3 square; 1500-2000, 6 square; 2000-2500, 8 square; 2500-3000, 10 square; 3000 up, preferably 16 square. If your motor has a nominal 1500W of only 1.5 square, this motor may have a virtual standard power, because this power has a high probability of burning with this lead line.
Finally, we want to analyze the accessories that both motor factories need to scratch: Bearings and Halls, let's talk about simpler bearings. The use of bearings in the machinery industry is very common, so what kind of bearings are most suitable? First of all, the power of the motor is closely related to the size of the bearing. The master who has the experience of repairing the car will see it clearly after disassembling the motor cover. Then you need to know that the motor of the electric motor (about 1500W) needs to match at least 6004 (outer diameter 42MM). The standard can guarantee a life of about three years, and the increase in power requires a larger bearing to carry the torque of the motor. If it is electricity, it is relatively simple, there is a 6203 (outer diameter 40). When we finish the size, we are leveling. This general manufacturer is evasive, because the bearing price is determined according to the z1-z4 files. If you use the 6203 of the Z4 group, the price will exceed the 6005 of the Z1 group. Outer diameter 47)! This is tricky, and you can pay attention to this problem when you are interested in buying a car. As for the last brand, I dare not say much. Three-quarters of the small bearings in the country are concentrated in Cixi, Zhejiang. You can use the Z3 bearing here. You have already earned it. As for what Havalo or people This is not to say that it is completely impossible. It is best to see it as it is because the prices of these bearings are 3-8 times that of ordinary bearings, and the possibility is very low.
Hall is similar to the door of your home. It is a door for the motor to communicate with the controller. It either opens the door or closes the door (this is the basic principle of electronic commutation). As long as the motor is designed properly, the controller is properly matched. Hall Not so easy to puncture or burn. So why are the Halls of many riders now burned repeatedly? The first is the matching problem of the controller. Now the motor power is getting bigger and bigger, the controller is also rising, and everyone has the possibility of burning. Then the intelligent controller will automatically cut off the external signal when it finds that the high-temperature oil of the component is burned, whether it is battery or motor. At this time, he no longer continued to connect, and he was too tired to wait. At this time, the motor is not intelligent. He did not stop. Then the motor that did not stop naturally turned into a generator and continued to operate until it stopped. If you happen to be the location of Hall when you stop, I am sorry that you are stunned and killed, this is one of the biggest reasons for the burning of Hall components.
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