Unicode stems from a very simple idea: to include all the characters in the world in a collection, the computer can display all the characters as long as it supports this character set, and there will be no garbled characters.
It starts at 0 and assigns a number to each symbol, which is called a "code point". For example, the sign of code point 0 is null (meaning that all bits are 0).
U+0000 = null
In the above formula, U+ indicates that the hexadecimal number immediately following is the Unicode code point.
At present, the latest version of Unicode is version 7.0, which has a total of 109,449 symbols, of which 74,500 are Chinese, Japanese and Korean. It can be approximated that more than two-thirds of the existing symbols in the world come from East Asian characters. For example, the Chinese "good" code point is 597D in hexadecimal.
U+597D = good
With so many symbols, Unicode is not defined once, but partition definition. Each zone can hold 65,536 (216) characters, called a plane. Currently, there are a total of 17 (25) planes, that is, the size of the entire Unicode character set is now 221 .
The first 65,536 character bits, called the basic plane (abbreviated BMP), have a code point range from 0 up to 216-1, and are written in hexadecimal from U+0000 to U+FFFF. All the most common characters are placed in this plane, which is the first plane defined and published by Unicode.
The remaining characters are placed in the auxiliary plane (abbreviated SMP), and the code points range from U+010000 to U+10FFFF.
What is javascript?JavaScript is a literal translation scripting language that is a dynamic type, weak type, prototype-based language, and built-in support type. Its interpreter, known as the JavaScript engine, is part of the browser and is widely used in client-side scripting languages. It was first used on HTML (an application under the standard universal markup language) web page to add dynamic functionality to HTML pages. .
In 1995, it was first designed and implemented by Netscape's Brendan Eich on the Netscape Navigator browser. Because Netscape worked with Sun, Netscape management wanted it to look like Java, so it was named JavaScript. But in fact its grammatical style is closer to Self and Scheme.
In order to gain technical advantage, Microsoft introduced JScript, and CEnvi launched ScriptEase, which can be run on the browser as well as JavaScript. In order to unify the specifications, because JavaScript is compatible with the ECMA standard, it is also called ECMAScript.
UTF-32 and UTF-8Unicode only specifies the code point of each character. In what endian order is used to represent this code point, the encoding method is involved.
The most intuitive encoding method is that each code point is represented by four bytes, and the byte contents are one-to-one corresponding to the code point. This encoding method is called UTF-32. For example, code point 0 is represented by four bytes of 0, and code point 597D is preceded by two bytes of zero.
U+0000 = 0x0000 0000
U+597D = 0x0000 597D
The advantage of UTF-32 is that the conversion rules are simple and intuitive, and the search efficiency is high. The downside is that it wastes space, the same content of English text, it will be four times larger than the ASCII code. This shortcoming is fatal, resulting in no one actually using this encoding method. The HTML 5 standard specifies that web pages must not be encoded into UTF-32.
We need a space-saving representation.
What people really need is a space-saving coding method that led to the birth of UTF-8. UTF-8 is a variable length encoding method with characters ranging from 1 byte to 4 bytes. The more commonly used characters, the shorter the byte, the first 128 characters, only 1 byte, exactly the same as ASCII.
Due to the space-saving nature of UTF-8, it has become the most common web page encoding on the Internet.
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