There are many kinds of test systems. According to the form of composition, it can be divided into three methods: instrument-type test system, centralized data acquisition system and distributed data acquisition system. The composition and principle of the three test systems are very different. Need to choose the right way.
Instrumentation test system structure and principle
The instrumentation test system generally includes a plurality of test units, each test unit is completely independent, and the test unit includes two parts: a primary sensor and a secondary instrument; the primary sensor is generally an AC transformer or a DC shunt, and is characterized by a primary sensor and The secondary instruments are produced according to relevant standards, and the standard indicators are traceable. Therefore, users can flexibly select sensors and meters from different manufacturers and build their own test systems.
Early instrumentation usually has a relatively simple function. In the case of a power test system, it consists of a voltmeter, an ammeter, a frequency meter, a power meter, and the like. Modern new power test instruments (generally called power analyzers) use one instrument to perform all of the above measurements.
Instrumentation test systems are widely used in motor testing. For traditional power frequency measurements, the technology is quite mature. The main difficulty lies in tests such as low power factor and frequency conversion. 
Typical instrumentation test system block diagram
Centralized data acquisition system
The centralized data acquisition system converts the analog or digital signals output by various types of sensors into digital quantities that can be recognized by the computer, and is collected by the computer interface into data in the memory, and processed into corresponding data results as needed for transmission, display, and Printout. The centralized computer data acquisition system has the advantages of good man-machine interface, simple operation and complete functions.
The core technology of centralized data acquisition system is multi-channel acquisition card. At present, there are many manufacturers of acquisition cards, most of which are only suitable for industrial control. 
Functional block diagram of centralized computer data acquisition system
Distributed data acquisition system
A plurality of test modules or test subsystems are connected to the host computer through a unified communication interface to form a distributed data acquisition system. The advantages are strong combination ability and easy expansion; test modules or subsystems are independent and easy to maintain; distributed measurement, centralized management, low requirements on system hardware, high reliability; use of digital communication instead of analog signal transmission, good electromagnetic compatibility Suitable for working in harsh environments.
Distributed computer data acquisition system principle box
The main difference between the three test systems
The distributed data acquisition system is similar to the centralized data acquisition system in terms of its functional realization. But the way to implement functionality is completely different:
The core of centralized data acquisition is the data acquisition of standard signals and the conditioning of input signals.
The skeleton of the distributed data acquisition system is the system network, which is the foundation and core of the distributed data acquisition system. Developers will carefully design the reliability, real-time, compatibility, and scalability of the network, and these capabilities are also the charm of distributed data acquisition systems.
The common feature of centralized data collection and distributed data collection is that both of them study the commonality of things. The commonality of the former is the standardization of signals. The commonality of the latter is the standardization of the network. The motor test has a high degree of professionalism. Currently, the application is the most. Still a variety of professional instrumentation.
A small centralized data acquisition system and instrumentation with communication interfaces can be used as a substation of a distributed data acquisition system.
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