I. With the rapid economic growth in China and the dramatic increase in energy demand, the contradiction between energy supply and demand is outstanding. Especially in the past two years, the nation’s electricity consumption and electric load have grown rapidly. Since last year, two-thirds of the provinces (regions) have The city has experienced varying degrees of power shortages and even power cuts, which have severely affected economic and social development and people’s living standards. According to statistics, China's lighting power consumption has accounted for 10% to 12% of the total usage. According to the "China Green Lighting Project" proposed by China, lighting energy saving has become an important aspect of energy conservation. The current lighting energy-saving potential is very large, the general energy-saving programs can achieve savings of 20 to 35%, according to a conservative amount to take 20% of the calculation, the country's economic value of considerable energy savings, can imagine how much the role of the national economy . Advocating lighting energy conservation does not mean reducing the requirements for visual work and reducing lighting quality, because it will reduce labor productivity. It will not only achieve the purpose of energy saving in lighting, but will affect the visual requirements of workers, and it will also increase the standard of illumination. And under the premise of lighting quality, but also to improve, in ensuring not to reduce the visual requirements of the workplace, and strive to reduce the energy loss in the lighting system, the most effective use of electricity. Unit illumination and unit area required electricity (W/m2.lx) as lighting energy-saving indicators, and strive to improve illumination and reduce electricity consumption.
Second, the lighting energy-saving methods and potential (1) the choice of high-quality light source The scientific choice of electric light source is the primary task of lighting energy-saving. The energy-efficient electric light source has a high luminous efficiency, which causes more luminous flux (Lm) per watt (W). Incandescent bulb luminous efficiency is generally 7 ~ 20Lm / W, its life is generally 1000h, a special 2000h; single-ended compact fluorescent lamps (commonly known as energy-saving lamps) its luminous flux is generally 50Lm / W, using a 9W life 3000 ~ 5000h Energy-saving lamps can completely replace the incandescent bulbs of 40W; the luminous flux of the T12 type double-ended straight tube fluorescent lamp is 55 Lm/W, and the lifetime is 3000 to 5000 hours, while the current T5 type reaches 90 to 110 Lm/W, and the lifetime can reach 8000~. 10000h. Therefore, T12, T10 and even T8 fluorescent lamps should all be eliminated. This will not only save about 50% of the electricity, but also improve the color rendering of the lights. In addition to the above light sources, there are high-strength gas discharge lamps, such as high-pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, microwave sulfur lamps, electrodeless lamps, light-emitting diodes, and semiconductor lighting lamps. The development of science and technology and the development of electric light sources are also endless. Modern lamps can To achieve a thin paper, fine as a silk, always surprises people, and now they are still using those places that are behind the power-saving lights. They should implement energy-saving lighting projects as soon as possible. Of course, when selecting a light source with higher light emission, the application place should be considered, and a reasonable scientific lighting transformation should be carried out according to the characteristics of the place and the characteristics of the electric light source.
(2) Energy-saving lighting electrical accessories are required to have electrical accessories in various gas discharge light sources. For example, the ballast, the old T12 fluorescent lamp's inductance ballast to consume 20% of its electrical energy, 40W lamp, the ballast power consumption of about 8W; and energy-saving magnetic ballast is less than 10% power consumption, more energy-efficient The electronic ballasts consume only 2-3% of their power, which is also a significant power saving measure.
(3) Installation of Lighting System Power Saver Currently, both domestic and foreign countries have vigorously promoted the use of energy-saving lighting devices and installed energy-saving control devices on current lighting systems. There are many lighting energy-saving devices in the domestic market, among which lighting control power-saving devices account for the largest proportion. From the working principle can be roughly divided into the following three categories:
1 controlled silicon chopper type lighting energy saving device;
2 auto-buck power saving device;
3 smart lighting regulator.
1 Because it is a ripple, there is a large amount of harmonics and it is very harmful to the power grid.
2 Because its core component is a multi-tap transformer, the transformer ratio is fixed, and there are technical defects that cannot be regulated in real time. This does not protect the electric light source.
3 can achieve intelligent lighting control, effective protection of electric light source, reduce the power consumption function, the use of economic and reliability is much better than the first two products, it is currently a more mature international lighting control program, there are also manufacturers in the country Developed such products and began to market. Installing an energy-saving lighting device so that all lighting sources (gas discharge lamps or tungsten halogen lamps) are under standard voltage conditions to maintain their life. When the voltage is high at night or the voltage during the day is unstable, it will affect the life of the light source. . Installing an energy-saving lighting saver, in addition to maintaining a stable or slightly reduced voltage, that is to save electricity and extend the life of the light source, while the initial design of the lighting when considering the maintenance factor is often calculated about 20% of the illumination margin, so Will not affect the maintenance of the standard value of illumination, but will not have a significant impact on visual effects. Installation of lighting energy saver for gas discharge light source can also be used to intelligently control the computer, through the built-in special optimization control software, can be collected, analyzed and calculated at any time, control the internal integrated filter circuit, control current waveform, compensation power factor, internal absorption The distorted current is converted into useful energy, and the overall power supply efficiency is increased. The current and voltage required under the operating state are dynamically adjusted with the load changes, and the power is automatically adjusted to achieve the purpose of intelligent power saving. Most of the energy-saving lighting power saver The rate is above 25%. Lighting Saver has the advantages of convenient access, automatic adjustment without special maintenance, reduced active power consumption, reduced reactive power, multiple protection safe and reliable, reducing the starting current to extend the life of the light source more than 1 times. Some Power Savers can also use advanced lightning protection technology, and through the integrated optimization design to prevent lightning damage to the lighting circuit and cause accidents.
(4) Scientific energy-saving lighting design (a) Reasonable choice of lighting circuit: The loss of the lighting circuit accounts for about 4% of the input power, and the main factors affecting the loss of the lighting circuit are the power supply mode and the conductor cross-sectional area. Most of the lighting voltage is 220V. The lighting system can be powered by single-phase two-wire, two-phase three-wire, three-phase four-wire. The three-phase four-wire power supply has much smaller line losses than other power supply methods. Therefore, the lighting system should use three-phase four-wire power supply as much as possible.
(b) Reasonable choice of control switch and full use of natural light: Natural light is a free light source, and should be fully utilized, so it is necessary to design the lighting switch rationally. Making full use of natural light and choosing natural lighting correctly can also improve the working environment, make people feel comfortable and healthy. Making full use of the reflectivity of the indoor light-receiving surface can also effectively increase the utilization of light. For example, the reflection coefficient of a white wall can reach 70 to 80%, which can also serve as a power-saving feature.
(c) Reasonable choice of lighting method: Under the condition of meeting the standard degree, in order to save power, three methods of general lighting, partial lighting and mixed lighting should be properly selected. For example, the factory's tall mechanical processing workshops only use general lighting methods, and it is difficult to achieve the illuminance values ​​required for fine-vision operations with many lamps. If a local lighting source is installed on each lathe, it can be achieved with very little electricity. High illumination.
(d) Reasonably selecting the illuminance value: Selecting illuminance is an important issue for lighting design. Illumination is too low, it will damage the staff's vision, affect product quality and production efficiency. Unreasonably high illumination will waste electricity. The choice of illumination must be compatible with the visual work performed. The design lighting can be selected according to the lighting design standards promulgated by the country. The necessary lighting quality with reasonable illumination value and excellent light quality can improve the working results and improve people's mood. The overall efficiency of the lighting system should be taken into consideration.
(5) Good maintenance management can save electricity and protect eyesight. Strengthening lighting power management is an important aspect of lighting energy saving. Lighting power-saving management is mainly based on power-saving propaganda and education, and the establishment and implementation of a lighting-based energy-saving system, which allows people to develop the habit of turning off lights; installing meters on a household-by-house basis and implementing a metering charge; Electricity, these can effectively reduce the lighting power consumption. When the bulb collects dirt, its luminous flux may fall below 50% of the normal luminous flux. When bulbs, lamps, glass, and walls are not clean, their reflectance and light transmittance are greatly reduced. In order to ensure the lighting effect of the lamp, the factory should regularly clean the lamp, lamp and wall according to the lighting environment. When the lamp is to be flashed or has flashed, it must be replaced in time, which can effectively save energy. Because the gas discharge source consumes the highest power at start-up, it is much more than usual.
Second, the lighting energy-saving methods and potential (1) the choice of high-quality light source The scientific choice of electric light source is the primary task of lighting energy-saving. The energy-efficient electric light source has a high luminous efficiency, which causes more luminous flux (Lm) per watt (W). Incandescent bulb luminous efficiency is generally 7 ~ 20Lm / W, its life is generally 1000h, a special 2000h; single-ended compact fluorescent lamps (commonly known as energy-saving lamps) its luminous flux is generally 50Lm / W, using a 9W life 3000 ~ 5000h Energy-saving lamps can completely replace the incandescent bulbs of 40W; the luminous flux of the T12 type double-ended straight tube fluorescent lamp is 55 Lm/W, and the lifetime is 3000 to 5000 hours, while the current T5 type reaches 90 to 110 Lm/W, and the lifetime can reach 8000~. 10000h. Therefore, T12, T10 and even T8 fluorescent lamps should all be eliminated. This will not only save about 50% of the electricity, but also improve the color rendering of the lights. In addition to the above light sources, there are high-strength gas discharge lamps, such as high-pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, microwave sulfur lamps, electrodeless lamps, light-emitting diodes, and semiconductor lighting lamps. The development of science and technology and the development of electric light sources are also endless. Modern lamps can To achieve a thin paper, fine as a silk, always surprises people, and now they are still using those places that are behind the power-saving lights. They should implement energy-saving lighting projects as soon as possible. Of course, when selecting a light source with higher light emission, the application place should be considered, and a reasonable scientific lighting transformation should be carried out according to the characteristics of the place and the characteristics of the electric light source.
(2) Energy-saving lighting electrical accessories are required to have electrical accessories in various gas discharge light sources. For example, the ballast, the old T12 fluorescent lamp's inductance ballast to consume 20% of its electrical energy, 40W lamp, the ballast power consumption of about 8W; and energy-saving magnetic ballast is less than 10% power consumption, more energy-efficient The electronic ballasts consume only 2-3% of their power, which is also a significant power saving measure.
(3) Installation of Lighting System Power Saver Currently, both domestic and foreign countries have vigorously promoted the use of energy-saving lighting devices and installed energy-saving control devices on current lighting systems. There are many lighting energy-saving devices in the domestic market, among which lighting control power-saving devices account for the largest proportion. From the working principle can be roughly divided into the following three categories:
1 controlled silicon chopper type lighting energy saving device;
2 auto-buck power saving device;
3 smart lighting regulator.
1 Because it is a ripple, there is a large amount of harmonics and it is very harmful to the power grid.
2 Because its core component is a multi-tap transformer, the transformer ratio is fixed, and there are technical defects that cannot be regulated in real time. This does not protect the electric light source.
3 can achieve intelligent lighting control, effective protection of electric light source, reduce the power consumption function, the use of economic and reliability is much better than the first two products, it is currently a more mature international lighting control program, there are also manufacturers in the country Developed such products and began to market. Installing an energy-saving lighting device so that all lighting sources (gas discharge lamps or tungsten halogen lamps) are under standard voltage conditions to maintain their life. When the voltage is high at night or the voltage during the day is unstable, it will affect the life of the light source. . Installing an energy-saving lighting saver, in addition to maintaining a stable or slightly reduced voltage, that is to save electricity and extend the life of the light source, while the initial design of the lighting when considering the maintenance factor is often calculated about 20% of the illumination margin, so Will not affect the maintenance of the standard value of illumination, but will not have a significant impact on visual effects. Installation of lighting energy saver for gas discharge light source can also be used to intelligently control the computer, through the built-in special optimization control software, can be collected, analyzed and calculated at any time, control the internal integrated filter circuit, control current waveform, compensation power factor, internal absorption The distorted current is converted into useful energy, and the overall power supply efficiency is increased. The current and voltage required under the operating state are dynamically adjusted with the load changes, and the power is automatically adjusted to achieve the purpose of intelligent power saving. Most of the energy-saving lighting power saver The rate is above 25%. Lighting Saver has the advantages of convenient access, automatic adjustment without special maintenance, reduced active power consumption, reduced reactive power, multiple protection safe and reliable, reducing the starting current to extend the life of the light source more than 1 times. Some Power Savers can also use advanced lightning protection technology, and through the integrated optimization design to prevent lightning damage to the lighting circuit and cause accidents.
(4) Scientific energy-saving lighting design (a) Reasonable choice of lighting circuit: The loss of the lighting circuit accounts for about 4% of the input power, and the main factors affecting the loss of the lighting circuit are the power supply mode and the conductor cross-sectional area. Most of the lighting voltage is 220V. The lighting system can be powered by single-phase two-wire, two-phase three-wire, three-phase four-wire. The three-phase four-wire power supply has much smaller line losses than other power supply methods. Therefore, the lighting system should use three-phase four-wire power supply as much as possible.
(b) Reasonable choice of control switch and full use of natural light: Natural light is a free light source, and should be fully utilized, so it is necessary to design the lighting switch rationally. Making full use of natural light and choosing natural lighting correctly can also improve the working environment, make people feel comfortable and healthy. Making full use of the reflectivity of the indoor light-receiving surface can also effectively increase the utilization of light. For example, the reflection coefficient of a white wall can reach 70 to 80%, which can also serve as a power-saving feature.
(c) Reasonable choice of lighting method: Under the condition of meeting the standard degree, in order to save power, three methods of general lighting, partial lighting and mixed lighting should be properly selected. For example, the factory's tall mechanical processing workshops only use general lighting methods, and it is difficult to achieve the illuminance values ​​required for fine-vision operations with many lamps. If a local lighting source is installed on each lathe, it can be achieved with very little electricity. High illumination.
(d) Reasonably selecting the illuminance value: Selecting illuminance is an important issue for lighting design. Illumination is too low, it will damage the staff's vision, affect product quality and production efficiency. Unreasonably high illumination will waste electricity. The choice of illumination must be compatible with the visual work performed. The design lighting can be selected according to the lighting design standards promulgated by the country. The necessary lighting quality with reasonable illumination value and excellent light quality can improve the working results and improve people's mood. The overall efficiency of the lighting system should be taken into consideration.
(5) Good maintenance management can save electricity and protect eyesight. Strengthening lighting power management is an important aspect of lighting energy saving. Lighting power-saving management is mainly based on power-saving propaganda and education, and the establishment and implementation of a lighting-based energy-saving system, which allows people to develop the habit of turning off lights; installing meters on a household-by-house basis and implementing a metering charge; Electricity, these can effectively reduce the lighting power consumption. When the bulb collects dirt, its luminous flux may fall below 50% of the normal luminous flux. When bulbs, lamps, glass, and walls are not clean, their reflectance and light transmittance are greatly reduced. In order to ensure the lighting effect of the lamp, the factory should regularly clean the lamp, lamp and wall according to the lighting environment. When the lamp is to be flashed or has flashed, it must be replaced in time, which can effectively save energy. Because the gas discharge source consumes the highest power at start-up, it is much more than usual.
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