Cooperating with the overall economy, the development of Taiwan's semiconductor industry began in the 1960s. In the process of industrialization, Kaohsiung Electronics, established in 1966, pioneered Taiwan's semiconductor industry.
In the 1970s, due to the international economic recession at that time, Taiwan's industrial production development was sluggish. The semiconductor industry, as a representative of the information electronics industry, became the focus of Taiwan's active development of strategic industries.
In the 1980s, the electronics industry, which was dominated by the information industry, emerged in Taiwan. In 1987, it included the revenue of the electrical equipment industry in the electronics and electrical industries, replacing the long-term enthusiasm for Taiwan's largest petrochemical and plastics industry. This means Taiwan's information electronics industry. The coming of the times.
In the 1990s, the output value of Taiwan's electronics industry continued to expand. In 1994, the information hardware industry generated an output value of US$11.6 billion, which was more than 90% higher than that in 1990, providing Taiwan's IC industry with an excellent local market advantage.
Since April 1997, TSMC has proposed a “400KM†“Nanke Manufacturing Center†ten-year plan. Later, other manufacturers have announced their future investment plans. The estimated total investment amount is NT$2 trillion, which is known as the global investment amount of this century. The highest investment case. Taiwan IC industry development track Taiwan's IC industry development process can be divided into the following three stages:
Budding period (1964-1974)
In 1964, Jiaotong University established a semiconductor laboratory, which listed the semiconductor curriculum as the main teaching focus. The talents it cultivated were the key to the smooth development of the semiconductor industry in the future. In 1966, American General Instrument (GI) set up a factory in Kaohsiung, engaged in transistor assembly business, and opened up a new milestone in packaging technology. Between 1967 and 1970, foreign companies such as Texas Instruments and Philips Jianyuan Electronics set up factories in Taiwan. The introduction of IC packaging, testing and quality control technology laid a preliminary foundation for the semiconductor packaging industry. However, during this period, Taiwan's semiconductor industry all stayed in the packaging stage of the post-process.
Technology introduction period (1974-1979)
In 1974, in order to transform the development of the electronics industry into a technology-intensive direction, Taiwan established the Electronic Industry Research Center (the predecessor of the Institute of Electronics Industry of the Industrial Technology Research Institute) after multi-assessment research and planning, and began to accept the commission of the Ministry of Economic Affairs to implement Set up an IC demonstration plant program, introduce IC manufacturing technology and transfer it to the private sector. Electronics, RCA sent to the United States to learn, the introduction of 7.0-micron CMOS manufacturing technology, and with the US IMR (In ter na t io nal Ma ter ial Resea rch) introducing mask plate technology cooperation, open Taiwan's IC independent technology research and development prelude. At this time, Taiwan IC industry officially entered the front-end process engineering, and began to enter the design field, but this stage of technology is limited to research and development, and no formal commercial products have been released.
Technology independence and diffusion period (1979-present)
ITRI ​​Electronics Institute's first phase IC demonstration plant setting plan (1975-1979), the second phase of the electronics industry development plan (1979-1983) and the ultra-large IC program (1983-1988), Taiwan's Semiconductor technology is on the stage of VLSI.
In 1980, the Electronics Institute officially established Lianhua Electronics Co., Ltd., became the first IC manufacturer in Taiwan, and produced ICs with four-inch technology. So far, Taiwan officially entered the pre-process commercial manufacturing engineering stage. Seven years later, TSMC, the second IC derivative company of the Institute of Electronics, was born, using six-inch technology to become a pioneer in the commercial operation of Taiwan. More importantly, Taiwan began to enter the stage of professional division of labor.
Throughout the 1980s, Dawang, Hanlei, Tianxia, ​​Winbond, Hualongwei, Hetai, Wanghong and other companies were established, and the number of IC manufacturers gradually increased. In the same period, Taixin, Hede, Huazhi, Qipeng, Tongtai, Pucheng, Sitong, Yangzhi, Ruiqi, Yihua, Feihong, Weiquan and other IC design companies; Taiwan's reticle-led plate-making industry; As well as packaging and testing companies such as ASE, Huaxu, Silicon, Foley, Liwei, Walter, Huge, etc., the IC's upstream, middle and downstream industries have gradually laid the foundation.
At present, Taiwan's industry is still actively developing the next generation of key technologies to achieve comprehensive development in the fields of talent, design, process, packaging, testing, materials and equipment. In this period, the focus of Taiwan's semiconductor industry has been shifted from a labor-intensive, low-value-added assembly industry to a higher intelligence and value design and manufacturing.
In summary, the development of Taiwan's IC industry in the first 15 years of the initial process is based on the packaging and testing of the post-process as the main axis of development, but the next 15 years, due to the establishment of the fab, gradually progress to the process. By the beginning of 1990, after many six-inch factories were established, the IC industry began to flourish. From 1993 to 1995, the global IC market was driven by the economic boom, and the investment boom of the eight-inch factory was raised. Since 1994, the world has become advanced. After the pioneer of Taiwan's eight-inch factory, 22 eight-inch fabs have been invested, and high profits have attracted more IC companies to go forward. At the same time, IC peripheral industries are also driven by IC manufacturing. Participate in the event in full swing.
The Institute of Industrial and Commercial Research Institute and other units continue to conduct research in the semiconductor industry, providing adequate and timely information on industrial intelligence, and has played an extremely important role as a staff member.
Driven by Taiwan's IC industry development status in 2000 due to the international integrated device manufacturers (IDM) foundry commissioned to enhance the proportion of capacity utilization improved, rising prices of foundry, DRAM process scaling effects and investment effects appear, the Taiwan IC The growth rate of industrial value is 68.7 %, which is much higher than the growth rate of the global semiconductor market. Among them, the IC manufacturing industry has a growth rate of up to 76.9 percent, and the foundry industry has a super-shrinking performance of 110.8 percent. As for IC design, IC packaging, IC testing and other sub-industries, the growth rate in 2000 there were 55.3%, 48.4%, 52.6%, much higher than the global growth rate of related industries. The IC industry in Taiwan can create such a high growth rate, which can be attributed mainly to the clustering effect of the industry and abundant capital investment.
Industrial clustering effect Under the objective limitation of innate environment and resource inequality, the advantages generated by industrial clustering can accelerate the gap between information circulation and competitiveness. Under the urgency and necessity of obtaining information (including market dynamics, technological development, leadership dynamics, and development of competitive peers), talents will naturally flow into the region, and these talents can By discussing each other, competing, and cooperating, we can achieve the benefits of solving problems and getting inspiration in a shorter period of time.
The effect of industrial clustering, like a big magnet, will attract high-level talents, capital, technology and other key elements to strengthen the industrial strength. Judging from the clustering of Taiwan's information electronics industry, the three provinces and cities in the northern region are almost 80 kilometers long and narrow geographical area, which is almost the gathering place of major players. If you look at the IC industry alone, you can see that it is obvious. The clustering situation: IC fabs are located in the Hsinchu Science Park (North) except for Nanya Technology. The IC design industry is located in Hsinchu and Taipei. The packaging companies are in Hsinchu, Taichung (Central) and Kaohsiung ( In the case of the development of the base area and the lack of land in the Hsinchu Science Park, in addition to the Tainan Science Park (south), the IC manufacturing industry also moved to Linkou and Longtan (north), and the symptom industry was transferred to Hukou (north), IC Due to the low demand for land and the high demand for talents and information, the design industry has gathered in the northern part of Taiwan.
The peripheral related support industries such as plate making, lead frame, chemicals, equipment agents, etc., are mostly located in or near the Hsinchu Science Park under the consideration of the nearest service customers, so the upper, middle and lower reaches of the IC industry Almost all of them are concentrated in adjacent geographical areas. We can regard this industrial clustering as a huge production satellite system or imagine a "virtual" large company with vertical integration of upstream and downstream. Under the restriction of almost no geographical and traffic, it can be more economical. Ways to communicate with each other or product delivery, and compared to the large enterprise systems of the United States, Japan, and Korea, the "business systems" under this "virtual" company can each focus on their respective areas of excellence and specialization. It can take advantage of the flexibility and rapid response of small businesses, so its competitiveness naturally improves a lot.
Competitive Advantages of Manufacturing Industry The reason why Taiwan's semiconductor industry is so successful is that it is centered on a strong manufacturing industry, and then pulls up the upstream and downstream design, packaging and testing, and other peripheral industries to prosper, support each other, complement each other, and create today's Rongjing. A large part of the successful operation of the manufacturing industry is due to the mass production effect and a strong competitive advantage in terms of cost. We can analyze the current status and trajectory of Taiwan's IC manufacturing industry from the past year to analyze and summarize where its core competitiveness is.
IC manufacturing with fabs currently accounts for 65 percent of IC's overall industry output, while its main products are memory and foundry. These two businesses accounted for 37% of revenue in 1991, rising year by year. 95% of the year 2000 is definitely the center of operations. Eight of Taiwan's top ten IC companies are concentrated in these two businesses. It can be seen that Taiwan's IC industry relies on these two types of products.
Taiwan's foundry business has a leading global advantage. We believe that strength depends on the following five points: human quality and source, manufacturing technology capability, cost structure, capital mobilization capability, and yield stability.
In the memory business, the competitive factors also depend on five points: product research and development capabilities, cost structure, intellectual property strength, strategic alliances, innovation and application capabilities.
Summarizing the above competitive factors, we can summarize them into two points of research and development capabilities in capital investment, and the factors of success in Taiwan mainly come from the latter.
In the past ten years, Taiwanese companies and the world have made an analysis and comparison. We can see that Taiwan has been multiplied by the global average in terms of the proportion of capital expenditure to turnover. From 1990 to 2000, the global average was about 20~30%, and the upper and lower gaps were limited. However, in Taiwan, the proportion of capital investment can jump from 20% to over 100, and the increase in absolute value is also amazing. Few of the famous semiconductor equipment companies have neglected this market, and the high expenditure has attracted many international equipment manufacturers to set up their bases in Taiwan, making Taiwan a hot market for competing.
The amount of capital expenditure is a major factor that directly affects the future capacity changes in the third and fourth quarters. The continuous surge in production capacity in Taiwan (especially the eight-inch factory) has become a certain result, and the global semiconductor industry has been focused on Taiwan. .
Because of the contribution of capital investment, the mass production effect can be exerted, and the cost is highly competitive, which makes the operators continue to increase the number of manufacturing equipment upgrades to enhance the province's manufacturing capacity. In addition, the scale is not large, and the upstream and downstream operators concentrate on a certain segment of the industry chain, so the industry can fully develop its own part of the IC value chain, and because it is longer than the advanced countries. The investment in working hours and the clustering effect of upstream and downstream peripheral industries (referring to the concentration of geographical locations) have caused Taiwan's IC industry to have extremely rapid market response capabilities, especially in Time-to-Market.
To explore the competitive advantages of Taiwan's IC industry, we believe that it is a high-speed division of labor structure centered on talent. The so-called talent is the quality of outstanding talents in engineering. It is superior to other competitors in terms of cost or working time. This center, together with the highly-division and specialized industrial structure, enables operators to More attention to the development of the industry, coupled with the long-term development of the overall economy, making the private capital abundant, willing to invest in the IC manufacturing industry with short-term visible results, so it will create a strong manufacturing capacity, cost advantages, and rapid response to the market. product.
Cables And Wires,Electrical Wire,Electrical Cable,Cable Wire
Power Cable Socket Lamp Co., Ltd. , http://www.nbpowercables.com