Green lighting has been proposed for less than ten years in the world. In 1996, China’s State Economic and Trade Commission officially formulated a green lighting project implementation plan, which has a history of five years. In the past five years, various tasks have been carried out, such as the organization and exchange of high-efficiency lighting products; the quality inspection and analysis of self-ballasted fluorescent lamps have been carried out, measures to improve quality have been studied; and national inspection of fluorescent lamp ballasts has been carried out; The pilot program of “Quality Commitment System†for green lighting projects; extensive technical exchanges and cooperation, and four international seminars on green lighting. These have all played a positive role in the implementation of green lighting projects.
Green lighting is a systematic project to promote the comprehensive development and progress of lighting technology. Its meaning is broad, significant and far-reaching. Now it is just beginning. On the occasion of the new century, there will be more development. The following is a brief overview.
1. Comprehensive understanding and comprehensive promotion of green lighting
1.1 Treat lighting energy from the height of protecting the environment
In recent years, China's national economy has been developing steadily and continuously, and the tight supply of electricity has tended to ease. Some people think that lighting power saving is irrelevant. It should be pointed out that power saving is not simply a question of energy supply conditions and economic benefits. In view of the fact that China's electricity is mainly from coal burning, lighting power saving means reducing the emission of harmful gases such as C02, S02, N0x, etc., so it is necessary to protect the atmospheric environment. The high level of awareness and treatment of lighting, and actively promote green lighting projects.
1.2 Energy saving is the theme of green lighting, but not the only goal
According to the green lighting plan formulated by the State Economic and Trade Commission, the aim is to establish a lighting environment that is high-quality, efficient, economical, comfortable, safe, and environmentally friendly, and improves people's quality of life, improves work efficiency, and protects physical and mental health. It can be seen that the goal of green lighting is multifaceted, including energy conservation, environmental protection, and the creation of quality lighting systems. Therefore, we should unify energy conservation and quality, use advanced and reasonable lighting design techniques, and use high-quality and efficient lighting equipment to achieve good results in many aspects. It is not appropriate to reduce lighting standards and sacrifice quality to pursue energy conservation.
1.3 Green lighting is more than just promoting the application of energy-saving lamps
The production and promotion of high-quality and efficient lighting equipment is an important means of implementing green lighting, and the most important one is efficient light source. However, there are many types of high-efficiency light sources, each with its own characteristics and applicable places, and should be applied according to the conditions of use and requirements. Compact fluorescent lamps (commonly known as energy-saving lamps) are one of them. They are compact in size and easy to use high-quality three-primary phosphors. They are easy to use with electronic ballasts, which have the advantages of good color rendering, no stroboscopic light, and high luminous efficiency. It is very convenient to replace incandescent bulbs and is widely used. But there are also straight-tube fluorescent lamps and high-intensity gas discharge lamps (HID lamps), which have higher luminous efficiency and better performance-price ratio. The most important thing is that these types of light sources have different characteristics, which are suitable for different places of use, and some cannot be used for each other. Alternative. Therefore, various types of high-efficiency light sources should be fully promoted and selected according to the characteristics of the site and the conditions of use. In addition, we should pay attention to the development and application of high-efficiency and light source matching electrical accessories, especially advanced and energy-saving ballasts and other products.
1.4 Implementation of green lighting must also pay attention to lighting engineering design and operation and maintenance management
People attach great importance to the production of high-quality and efficient lighting equipment. It is completely correct and is an indispensable material. I believe that lighting engineering design should be equally important, because it is an important factor in formulating plans and controlling the overall situation. The design should determine the reasonable illumination standard, select the appropriate lighting mode, correctly select the light source and lamp that are suitable for the site characteristics and use requirements, and reasonably illuminate the lamp to ensure the necessary lighting quality (brightness distribution, glare limitation, color uniformity, shape Etc), there are lighting control and distribution lines. Improperly designed, it is impossible to implement green lighting requirements well. In addition, in the process of use, it must also have scientific and reasonable maintenance and management in order to achieve the intended purpose of the design.
2.1 Prospects for light sources
2.1.1 Further improve the performance and technical parameters of the light source
a. Improve luminous efficiency: It is expected that the gas discharge lighting effect will generally exceed 1001m/w, and the HID lamp will be higher. The incandescent light source will further improve the light efficiency through various technological innovations.
b. Improve color rendering performance: The color rendering index of most light sources will exceed 80, and fluorescent lamps will generally use trichromatic phosphors.
c. Increase the service life: the gas discharge lamp will exceed 10000h, and there will be a variety of new light sources with longer life.
2.1.2 Light source products will have better environmental protection effects and visual effects
a, the 21st century will pay more attention to environmental protection, will study more measures to reduce pollution, such as the development of less mercury and mercury-free discharge lamps, reduce the diameter of fluorescent tubes and improve the phosphor coating process to reduce the amount of phosphor.
b. Further develop high-frequency fluorescent lamps and DC fluorescent lamps to improve luminous stability, eliminate stroboscopic effects, reduce electromagnetic radiation, and eliminate noise to improve environmental effects and visual effects.
2.1.3 The light source is further developed in a compact and small direction
Develop fluorescent lamps with thinner diameters and compact fluorescent lamps of various forms to reduce the amount of light-making materials, especially the consumption of harmful substances. At the same time, improve the light efficiency of the light source, reduce the size of the lamps, and improve the efficiency of the lamps.
2.1.4 Wide application of electronic technology
The rapid development of electronic technology has been widely used in various fields, and has also created a new road in the manufacture of light sources and supporting electrical appliances. In the future, more high-frequency discharge lamps, DC fluorescent lamps, high-frequency induction lamps, microwave lamps, and other light sources with longer life, better color rendering, and higher luminous efficiency will be developed.
In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), making it possible to enter such a semiconductor device that converts electrical energy into light into the field of illumination. LED has many advantages such as long life (will reach 100000h), good color rendering (Ra 75~85), no stroboscopic, short excitation response time (nanosecond), vibration resistance, weather resistance, safe use, etc. Widely used. In recent years, the brightness of red and yellow LEDs has increased, especially the breakthrough of third-generation semiconductor material manufacturing technologies such as gallium nitride, and blue and green LEDs have been developed, thereby solving white light. Due to its rich and varied color light, it is convenient for color selection and discoloration. It is especially suitable for places requiring multiple colors such as traffic signals, navigation marks, advertisements, gardens and building landscape lighting. It is expected that in the next decade or two, LED will further improve light efficiency and reduce costs. It may become a new type of lighting source, which will cause great changes in the field of lighting and have a major impact on the implementation of green lighting.
2.1.5 Using solar energy
Solar energy is the cleanest and inexhaustible energy source. The new century will make active research and promotion applications according to the requirements of green lighting, including smaller size, higher efficiency solar cells and related high-efficiency light sources. Priority is applied to places with high requirements and inconvenient power.
2.2 Development of lamps and other electrical accessories
2.2.1 Lamps have a great relationship with lighting energy saving and lighting quality, but they are often not taken seriously by people. According to the requirements of green lighting, lamps should be developed from the following aspects.
a. Luminaires should develop new varieties with the development of light sources to meet the needs of new light sources.
b. For places with high visual requirements, such as stadiums, industrial plants, offices, classrooms, etc., lamps with high efficiency and light distribution are required, and products with various varieties, complete series and protection grades are suitable for various places. Beijing's bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games will be successful, and will build and renovate more than 30 of today's world-class sports and a large number of other public buildings. According to the requirements of the "Green Olympics", a large number of high-efficiency and high-quality lamps will be promoted. The advancement of lighting products.
2.2.2 Electrical accessories: Ballasts for gas discharge lamps are the most influential. At present, the ballast is mainly developed from two ways: First, the low-power magnetic ballast, its own power consumption is reduced, the reliability is high, no electromagnetic pollution; the second is the high-frequency electronic ballast, the power consumption is smaller, Improve light source light efficiency, stable light, no stroboscopic, no noise, energy saving and visual effects improvement. It will be improved in further reducing harmonics, electromagnetic radiation and improving reliability, and gradually become the main accessory product of fluorescent lamps.
With the application of electronic technology, there will be more electrical and electronic products, such as high-frequency generators, electromagnetic induction devices, rectifiers and controllers for DC fluorescent lamps, dimmers, etc., which will follow the requirements of green lighting. Reduce electromagnetic pollution and improve energy efficiency for faster development.
3. The significance of lighting design to green lighting
3.1 Lighting design team status
As mentioned above, design is a key factor in implementing green lighting, and the overall solution is determined in the design. In the architectural design unit, the lighting design and electrical design belong to the same profession. The professional technicians from the school are learning the building electrical, power distribution, power system, automation and other majors. There are almost no talents in the lighting profession. They are all studying at work. And cultivated. Many people are very skilled in power supply and distribution, and the research on lighting is not deep, so that some lighting designs can not meet the expected goals. In particular, some decorative companies undertake lighting design, and professionals are more scarce. This is a flaw in the full implementation of green lighting. Need to be gradually improved.
3.2 Measures to enhance lighting design
a. Formulate and revise lighting design standards, such as lighting energy-saving green lighting design specifications, and strengthen the guidance and regulations for design.
b. Strengthen the position of design in lighting engineering, consider the grading lighting design qualification classification certification system, firstly implement the qualification certification for the 2008 sports tastehouse and large-scale important projects, and strengthen the design demonstration and review system for major projects.
c. Strengthen the training of designers, organize the training of green lighting, design basis and application system knowledge, so that some engineers have a higher level in this field.
d. From the education staff, study the possibility of setting up lighting engineering majors in colleges and universities, and cultivate lighting engineering professionals.
e. Studying the possibility of establishing lighting engineering research and design units can play a key role in the field of lighting engineering and promote the development of lighting technology.
In the new century, a new starting point, under the guidance of the green lighting plan, we will work hard and hope to take new steps in lighting energy conservation, protecting the environment, guiding lighting quality and creating a better visual environment!
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