The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to information sensing devices such as radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning systems, and laser scanners. It connects any item to the Internet through the Internet of Things domain name, and exchanges information and communicates to realize intelligence. A network concept for identifying, locating, tracking, monitoring, and managing.
The Internet of Things is an important part of the new generation of information technology and an important stage of development in the era of "informatization." Its English name is: "Internet of things (IoT)". As the name suggests, the Internet of Things is the Internet connected to things. This has two meanings: First, the core and foundation of the Internet of Things is still the Internet, which is an extended and extended network based on the Internet; Second, its client extends and extends to any item and item for information. Exchange and communication, that is, things and things. The Internet of Things is widely used in the convergence of networks through communication-aware technologies such as intelligent sensing, identification technology and pervasive computing. It is also called the third wave of the development of the world information industry after computers and the Internet. The Internet of Things is the application expansion of the Internet. It is not so much that the Internet of Things is a network, but the Internet of Things is a business and application. Therefore, application innovation is the core of the development of the Internet of Things. Innovation 2.0, with user experience as the core, is the soul of the development of the Internet of Things.
1, comprehensive perception
Perceive, collect, and measure object information through relatively mature technologies such as radio frequency identification, sensors, two-dimensional codes, and GPS satellite positioning;
2, reliable transmission
Realizing the distribution and sharing of object information through information networks such as wireless sensor networks, short-range wireless networks, and mobile communication networks;
3, intelligent processing
By analyzing and processing the collected object information, a new service model is proposed for specific applications to realize decision-making and control intelligence.
1.USN architecture
The heterogeneous nature of the IoT awareness chain determines its open, layered, and scalable network architecture.
In describing the system framework of the Internet of Things, researchers use the ubiquitous sensor network architecture of the ITU-T International Telecommunications Union as the basis. The architecture is divided into five levels from bottom to top, namely sensor network layer, ubiquitous sensor network access layer, backbone network layer, network middleware layer and USN network application layer.
When talking about specific IoT applications, the general sensor network layer and the ubiquitous sensor network access layer merge into the sensing layer of the Internet of Things, which is mainly responsible for collecting information data in the real environment.
The backbone network layer is the Internet in the application of the Internet of Things, and will be replaced by the next generation network NGN. The application layer of the Internet of Things includes the middleware layer and application layer of the ubiquitous sensor network, mainly implementing intelligent computing and management of the Internet of Things.
2.M2M architecture
The simple M2M architecture given by the M2M Technical Committee of the European Telecommunication Standardization Association is a simplified version of the USN. In this architecture, the left-to-right network is divided into three layers: application layer, network layer and sensing layer, corresponding to the Internet of Things structure.
3. Technical standards
The International Telecommunication Union Study Group 13 meeting formally reviewed and approved the draft of the “IoT-overview†standard, numbered Y.2060. This standard is the world's first IoT overall standard.
Y.2060 is led by the Institute of Telecommunications of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, and a number of domestic and foreign universities, research institutions, enterprises and standards organizations jointly drafted the first draft of the Internet of Things.
The overview criteria cover the basics of IoT concepts, terminology, technical views, features, requirements, reference models, business models, and more.
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