The so-called machine vision is to use the machine instead of the human eye to make measurements and judgments. Machine vision system refers to the conversion of the ingested target into an image signal by a machine vision product, which is transmitted to a dedicated image processing system, and converted into a digitized signal according to pixel distribution and brightness, color and the like; the image system performs various operations on these signals. To extract the characteristics of the target, and then to control the device action on the scene according to the result of the discrimination.
Why use a machine vision system?
There are five main reasons for using machine vision systems in industrial automation control:
Accuracy - Due to the physical limitations of the human eye, the machine has obvious advantages in terms of accuracy. Even if the human eye relies on a magnifying glass or microscope to detect the product, the machine will still be more accurate because it can achieve an accuracy of one thousandth of an inch.
Repeatability - The machine can perform the inspection work again and again in the same way without feeling tired. In contrast, the human eye will have subtle differences each time the product is tested, even if the product is identical.
Speed ​​- the machine is able to detect products faster. Especially when detecting high-speed moving objects, such as production lines, machines can increase production efficiency.
Objectivity - There is also a fatal flaw in human eye detection, which is the subjectivity of emotions. The test results will change with the mood of the workers, and the machine has no emotions, and the results of the tests are naturally very reliable.
Cost – Since the machine is faster than a person, an automatic inspection machine can take on the tasks of several people. Moreover, the machine does not need to be stopped, does not get sick, and can work continuously, so it can greatly improve production efficiency.
Because machine vision systems can quickly acquire a large amount of information, and are easy to automate, and easy to integrate with design information and processing control information, in modern automated production processes, machine vision systems are widely used for condition monitoring and finished product inspection. And areas such as quality control. Machine vision systems are characterized by increased flexibility and automation. In some dangerous working environments that are not suitable for manual work or where artificial vision is difficult to meet the requirements, machine vision is often used instead of artificial vision. At the same time, in high-volume industrial production process, manual visual inspection is used to check product quality with low efficiency and low precision. Machine vision inspection methods can greatly improve production efficiency and automation of production. Moreover, machine vision is easy to realize information integration, and is the basic technology to realize computer integrated manufacturing.
Sensors can be classified into various types based on their functionality and application. Some common sensor classifications include:
1. Temperature Sensors: These sensors measure and monitor temperature changes in the environment or in a specific object. They are commonly used in weather stations, HVAC systems, and industrial processes.
2. Pressure Sensors: Pressure sensors are designed to detect and measure changes in pressure. They are used in applications such as automotive systems, medical devices, and industrial machinery.
3. Proximity Sensors: Proximity sensors detect the presence or absence of an object within a specified range. They are commonly used in automation, robotics, and security systems.
4. Motion Sensors: These sensors detect movement or changes in position. They are widely used in alarm systems, gaming consoles, and automatic doors.
5. Light Sensors: Light sensors measure the intensity or presence of light. They are used in applications such as automatic lighting systems, photography, and solar panels.
6. Humidity Sensors: Humidity sensors measure and monitor the moisture content in the air or in a specific environment. They are commonly used in weather monitoring, HVAC systems, and industrial processes.
7. Gas Sensors: Gas sensors detect and measure the presence of specific gases in the environment. They are used in applications such as air quality monitoring, gas leak detection, and industrial safety.
8. Accelerometers: Accelerometers measure acceleration or changes in velocity. They are widely used in motion detection, navigation systems, and electronic devices like smartphones and gaming controllers.
9. pH Sensors: pH sensors measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. They are commonly used in water quality monitoring, chemical analysis, and agriculture.
10. Force Sensors: Force sensors measure and detect the force or pressure applied to them. They are used in applications such as weighing scales, robotics, and industrial automation.
These are just a few examples of sensor classifications, and there are many more specialized sensors available for specific applications.
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