For newcomers who are just starting to learn software development, "required skills" often means a long and important learning list, but a long list usually leads to newcomers not knowing how to start learning, and the pressure is doubled.
This article attempts to list the most important skills, and hopes that this list can give newcomers a clearer learning focus and path.
1. In-depth study of a programming languageWithout mastering any programming language, it is impossible to become a programmer.
Many programmers try to learn several programming languages ​​at the beginning of their studies in order to meet the needs of their first software development job. Although I think developers will eventually learn multiple programming languages, it is recommended not to do this in the beginning. Because learning multiple languages ​​at the same time will only lead to confusion and will also distract the energy of learning other skills. On the contrary, I recommend learning a programming language in depth, so that you will feel very confident in writing code in this language.
2. How to organize the code
Novice programmers need to master how to organize the code correctly after completing the learning of the programming language, or preferably while learning the programming language.
Through Steven McConnell's "Code Complete", you can help learn this valuable skill.
Organizing code means writing well-written, clear and understandable code that does not require a lot of comments, because the code itself is self-commentable. Many software developers have never had such skills in their entire careers, but this skill is the primary criterion for judging the skills and abilities of a software developer. A good code structure represents not only the completion of the coding work, but also the dedication to the coding career.
For novice programmers, concise, clear and meaningful code allows you to easily pass the interview.
Improving the code structure has become an important part of software development, but the improvement process is very strict. In this process, although there is no need to write new code, but you need to spend a lot of time with team members to maintain the existing code.
3. Object-oriented design
In order to deal with object-oriented design ideas in software development, developers also need to learn an object-oriented language.
Object-oriented design is a method of designing complex programs. It divides the code into separate classes and objects (instances of classes). These classes and objects encapsulate some specific functions.
We have been trying to manage complexity in software development, and thinking in terms of objects can help us do this. Object-oriented allows us to jump out of a bunch of complicated components to clearly define and design a complex system.
There are already a large number of functional programming languages, but in the software development process, you will find that the most popular languages ​​and models are deeply influenced by object-oriented design. So you need a deep understanding of classes, inheritance and how to use them, as well as polymorphism and encapsulation.
4. Data structure and algorithm
Software developers should be familiar with the following data structures:
• Array or vector
• Linked list
• Stack
• Queue
• Tree structure
• Hash
• Collection
Mastering and proficiently using the above data structure can help developers clearly define, access, and manage data. With reasonable data structures and algorithms, many difficult programming problems can be easily solved.
Common algorithms are as follows:
• Sorting Algorithm
• Search algorithm
• Graph search algorithm
• Dynamic programming algorithm
• Pattern matching algorithm
Good use of good algorithms can get twice the result with half the effort. If you are not familiar with the algorithm, it is difficult to come up with a good solution, which is why we need to master the algorithm.
In fact, data structures and algorithms are also one of the most interesting areas in software development. Using data structures and algorithms to develop a clean and concise solution will have very good results.
Gayle Laakmann McDowell's "Cracking the Coding Interview" book introduces all the knowledge about algorithms and data structures.
Learning this knowledge is a challenge, but it is very worthwhile. Mastering any of these skills can make you far better than others. This knowledge is also what other software developers do not possess.
5. Development platform and related technologies
Should have at least some experience with a development platform and related technologies or frameworks.
Platform usually means operating system (OS), but it also applies to other abstract systems similar to operating systems. For example, you may be a Mac developer or a Windows developer specializing in Mac or Windows operating systems, and you can also be a Web developer specializing in a specific Web platform.
Having the professional knowledge of a specific platform not only means that you need to be familiar with the platform itself, but also need to master the common development tools, models and general frameworks of the development platform.
6. Framework and technology stackIn addition to learning specific programming languages ​​and platforms, it is also very important to learn and master a framework and technology stack.
A framework is a set of libraries used to develop code on a specific platform or multiple platforms, and it usually makes common programming tasks on that platform easier. For example, most C# developers use the .NET Framework to write C# applications. The .NET Framework consists of many libraries and classes, allowing C# developers to work in a higher level of abstraction.
The technology stack is a bit different from the framework. The technology stack is a group of technologies that usually include a framework, and are usually used together to create a complete application. Technology stacks make it easier to create applications because they provide many common examples that developers use to develop applications, so knowledge can be easily shared. Learning the technology stack is very valuable, because it means you have all the skills needed to develop a complete application. Many companies that use a specific technology stack to develop applications are also looking for software developers familiar with the technology stack.
7. Basic knowledge of database
At present, there are mainly two database technologies: relational database and document database.
Today's developers should be familiar with relational databases, but they should also have an understanding of document databases.
In software development, a database is usually used to store application data.
For databases, developers should at least understand the following aspects:
• How the database works
• How to perform basic queries to obtain data
• How to insert, update and delete data
• How to add a data set
8. Source code managementSource code management is an integral part of any software development project. Before using the source code, there should be a network to share all the files of the project.
The most basic function of a source code management tool is to keep a historical record of changes made to files in a software project. It also allows multiple developers to process the same code at the same time and merge these processing codes together.
All developers should know how to use source code management tools in order to be able to inspect code and merge code from multiple sources.
9. Build and deployCurrently, most software development projects have some automated build and deployment systems. There are also many different software applications to help teams automate construction and deployment tasks.
Construct
After you write the code and incorporate it into the source code management system, you want to know through some methods whether the code you incorporated is running well, which requires construction. The build will compile all the codes in the system and ensure that there are no compilation errors. A complex build system can also run unit tests and user tests, or code quality checks, and provide some reports on the current state of the code base.
deploy
The deployment system is responsible for deploying the code to the production machine or deploying it to a certain test environment.
Although developers do not have to be experts in deployment, it is also very important to understand the basics of the system and the process of building and deploying code.
10. Test
Now, many software projects have adopted the so-called agile process, and software developers and testers cooperate more closely. Code quality has become the responsibility of the entire development team, so developers also need to have a certain understanding of testing knowledge.
For developers, they should at least be familiar with the following basic terms:
• White box testing
• Black box testing
• unit test
• Boundary conditions
• Test automation
• Acceptance Test
11. DebugFor software developers, it often takes about 90% of their time to figure out why their code is not working. No matter you are engaged in code development in any language, code debugging is an indispensable part of the development process.
So developers should make up their minds and learn how to debug code efficiently.
12. MethodologySome software development teams follow certain methodology when writing code and completing their projects. Therefore, developers should at least be familiar with many of the most common software development methodologies. Here are waterfall development and agile development.
to sum upAlthough the software developers listed in this article should know a lot of knowledge, many of which may be what you don't understand, but please don't be frustrated. What we have to do is to seriously supplement this knowledge and constantly improve ourselves.
Development skills can ensure the smooth progress of our development tasks, and development tools can improve development efficiency. Grape City Controls has been committed to providing high-quality development tool products for the majority of .NET platform developers.
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