A WSN (Wireless Sensing Network) consisting of many sensing nodes can be set for various environmental requirements. For long-term operation, most of them use low-power and power-saving design, and when necessary, they can be combined with energy harvesting functions to make the operation time longer. In the collection and transmission part of the sensing data, in addition to the accurate measurement of the sensor, the data transmission between the nodes must be smooth and fault-tolerant; each manufacturer also introduces different transmission technologies and solutions for Customer selection and deployment...
More solutions and more WSN promotion threshold
WSN (Wireless Sensing Network) has been applied in various fields in recent years, such as military defense, science, environmental monitoring, transportation, warehousing and logistics, medical care, agricultural control, intelligent buildings, oil and gas, bridges, rivers, and navigation. Too flying and so on. Through the construction of multiple sensing nodes, the sensing and collecting of data will be transmitted to the central control computer through wireless means for collection, analysis, early warning, and prevention.
Open Sniffer component architecture for monitoring WSN network quality (Figure / SEWIO)
Because there is no common system specification for early industrial WSN, it takes a lot of time in node deployment and system design. It takes several years to test, correct, and improve, which hinders the implementation of WSN.
Because the node components of WSN are mainly MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) sensors, they are combined with RF (radio frequency) communication chips, processors (usually with MCU microcontrollers), power sources (batteries, power supplies, solar energy, etc.). Add autonomous and intelligent functions (adjustable routing, smart collection, fault tolerance, etc.) to the software/firmware design.
In order to make the operation of WSN more efficient, many wafer factories, Netcom factories and system solution factories have successively invested in the development of a new generation of WSN hardware components and related product solutions, providing easy installation, adapting to various harsh environments, and super long Features such as time sensing, accurate sensing, various power saving modes, and data security to attract customers to use, saving test and deployment time.
WSN sensors use a lot of sub-board design
Many sensors are currently designed using microelectromechanical (MEMS) components. The types of sensors used in WSN can be said to be all-encompassing, such as power/inertial motion (accelerator, gyroscope, LVDT, linear change differential transformer), pressure (pressure gauge, sphygmomanometer), magnetic (magnetometer) ), optical (ambient light sensor, oil pressure sensor, photovoltaic sensor), chemical, gas (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, air, oxygen, hydrogen, methane, etc.), thermal energy (heat meter).
There are also fluids (flow meters), positioning classes (GPS satellite navigation, LVDT, encoders), vision (camera), radios (intensity detectors, RSSI, received signal strength indicators, etc.), rotating classes (magnetometer, encoder), and humidity (hygrometer), height class (barometer), color class (colorimeter), volume class (differential interferometer, laser interferometer), quantity class (optical viewer) wait wait wait. In addition, a number of sensors are used in the computer, such as content (board temperature), identification (fingerprinter), activity (overclocking, etc.).
The WSN development board has the ability to expand the system design. It can connect the above various sensors through the daughterboard to expand its sensing function. When the sensing needs are changed, only the daughter board needs to be replaced. Just fine.
Strive for the overall low power WSN node product solution
The sensing node of the WSN requires a low-power design, and its network transmission specification is mainly based on IEEE 802.15.4. Among the wireless transmission protocols based on this underlying standard specification, there are ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, and the like. The WSN data collection gateway can use the Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, mobile network and other protocols used by the computer to transmit the data to the central host.
Therefore, the system chip factory has introduced WSN-specific RF chips for the characteristics of WSN, and also has an RF function-integrated SoC (system single-chip), which has the characteristics of small size and low power consumption. It also introduces a WSN development module. A solution to connect the sensor daughter board. These vendors include Atmel, ST (STMicroelectronics), Silicon Labs (Limited Laboratories), Linear Technology, NXP, Libelium, DIGI, ROHM, and others.
For example, the STM32W MCU family introduced by ST is an IEEE 802.15.4-based SoC with an ARM Cortex-M3 24MHz processor, built-in 64-128KB flash memory, and 8K SRAM. Support ZigBee and 6LoWPAN agreement, and have AES-128 hardware encryption function to ensure data transmission security.
Atmel's Xplained series hardware development evaluation platform is equipped with its own 32-bit ARM Cortex-M0+ 48MHz (ATSAMR21 series, providing 64K ~ 256KB flash memory with hardware touch function), or lower power consumption The choice of 8-bit AVR MCU (wide temperature environment from -40 ° C to +125 ° C), wireless communication support 802.15.4 and ZigBee applications.
The Ember ZigBee development tool from Silicon Labs uses the EM35x series SoC. Its EM351/EM357 high-performance series, built-in 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 processor, operating clock is 6, 12, 24MHz, with 128 ~ 192KB flash memory, with read protection, 12KB RAM, with AES- 128 hardware encryption. Suitable for smart energy harvesting, building or home automation control, safety monitoring, and WSN applications.
Other WSN product applications and solutions
Linear Technology has developed its own WSN-specific Dust Networks product solutions, SmartMesh IP and SmartMesh WirelessHART, based on its own experience in energy harvesting. The former includes sensing nodes such as LTC5800/5900/5901-IPM (based on 6LoWPAN and 802.15). .4e technical specification), while the latter includes products such as LTC5800/5900/5901/5902-WHM (based on IEC 62591 WirelessHART specification).
The processor uses a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 architecture with AES-128 hardware encryption to execute its Dust embedded SmartMesh IP network software with intelligent network analysis that allows each node to connect to each other. In addition, it has an ultra-low power consumption of less than 50uA. If it is equipped with an energy harvesting module, each sensing node can obtain energy to supply power to extend the battery life and even replace the battery. Suitable for applications in data centers, industrial automation, renewable energy, remote monitoring, transportation and other fields.
In addition, Open Sniffer like SEWIO is a WSN network traffic and quality monitoring product. The principle is to obtain the WSN network operation status by connecting to the device through a remote computer through the sniffing method of the network packet; it can be installed in an indoor environment with a sensing network to detect whether the WSN is operating normally. Whether there is any other signal interference or hacking attack.
It supports packet sniffing of Mesh network architectures such as IEEE 802.15.4, ZigBee, and 6LoWPAN, and has up to 31 wireless channels suitable for wireless transmission environments around the world. The product is light in weight and power-saving. It weighs 130g, has a volume of 101x72mm, and consumes only 250mA. In terms of settings, only the web browser and Wireless (network packet analysis software) are required to provide the customer with the diagnosis of the WSN environment.
RFID application in WSN
The RFID (Radio Frequency IDenTIficaTIon) system is currently widely used in life. The principle is mainly composed of an electronic tag (Tag) and a reader (Reader). When the card reader and the RFID tag are in close proximity sensing, the background application system (ApplicaTIon) can be used to quickly identify the ID and act as a Various applications. Such as logistics management, access cards for various places, leisure cards, electronic tickets, animal chips, and electronic tolls (eTag), etc., most of which use passive RFID technology, the tags do not need built-in batteries, only need to be set Within a certain distance and sensed by the reader, it can be powered on and read and manipulate data.
As for the active RFID technology, the tag itself has a battery, the sensing distance is long, the memory is large and readable and writable, and the RFID reader can be actively detected to transmit the data. Since active RFID can form an effective active area around it, it is more widely used. For example, the application is located indoors, and provides positioning requirements in an indoor place that is not received by the GPS. If a variety of RFID card readers and identification machines are densely deployed in an indoor environment, applications such as personnel positioning, vehicle management, and item tracking can be utilized. However, active RFID has a relatively large label size, a battery life limit, and a high cost.
At present, most of RFID has only simple identification, and there is no built-in sensor. Unless special applications (such as RFID tags for blood bags, built-in thermometers that can detect temperature at any time), some manufacturers have developed RFID-based WSN sensing networks using 1-to-1 sensing methods. Environmentally controlled areas of control, such as companies, factories, hospitals, etc. Some scholars have also proposed the Hybrid (hybrid) integration scheme for RFID+WSN. In the WSN sensing node or the sensing gateway that must also be installed, the RFID reader is also built in, so that it is not required to be deployed twice. In addition to environmental sensing, it can also control people or items at the same time, killing two birds with one stone.
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Small size and light, easy to carry
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