It is easy to understand that the inverter has an electrician's foundation. It is a reverse-working transformer, which is simply an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). In the end, how does the inverter convert DC power into AC power? Let us explain the working process of the inverter by using the Inverter inverter working principle diagram and the diode inverter circuit diagram and the working principle of the PWM inverter circuit. .
Inverter inverter works:
The Adapter converts the AC voltage of the mains grid into a stable 12V DC output, while the Inverter converts the 12V DC voltage output by the Adapter into a high-frequency AC high-voltage AC; both parts also use the pulse width that is currently used more. Modulation (PWM) technology. The core part is a PWM integrated controller, the Adapter uses UC3842, and the Inverter uses TL5001 chip. The TL5001 operates from a voltage range of 3.6 to 40V and features an error amplifier, a regulator, an oscillator, a PWM generator with dead-band control, a low-voltage protection loop, and a short-circuit protection loop. The following is a brief introduction to the working principle of Inverter:
Inverter working principle block diagram
Input interface section:
The output section has 3 signals, 12V DC input VIN, working enable voltage ENB and Panel current control signal DIM. VIN is provided by the Adapter. The ENB voltage is provided by the MCU on the motherboard. The value is 0 or 3V. When ENB=0, the Inverter does not work, and when ENB=3V, the Inverter is in normal working condition; and the DIM voltage is provided by the motherboard. The range of variation is between 0 and 5V. The different DIM values ​​are fed back to the feedback terminal of the PWM controller. The current supplied by the Inverter to the load will also be different. The smaller the DIM value, the larger the current output by the Inverter.
Voltage start circuit:
When B is high, the high voltage is output to illuminate the backlight tube of the panel.
PWM controller:
The next few components are: internal reference voltage, error amplifier, oscillator and PWM, overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, short circuit protection, and output transistors.
DC conversion:
The OS switch tube and the energy storage inductor form a voltage conversion circuit, and the input pulse is amplified by a push-pull amplifier to drive the MOS tube to perform a switching action, so that the DC voltage charges and discharges the inductor, so that the other end of the inductor can obtain an AC voltage.
LC oscillation and output loop:
Ensure that the lamp starts with the required 1600V voltage and reduce the voltage to 800V after the lamp is turned on.
Output voltage feedback:
When the load is working, the sampling voltage is fed back to stabilize the Inventer voltage output.
Diode inverter works:
In home appliance applications, the most important is high efficiency and energy saving. Three-phase brushless DC motors are widely used in home appliances and many other applications because of their high efficiency and small size. In addition, since the mechanical reversing device is replaced with an electronic commutator, the three-phase brushless motor is further considered to be more reliable than the original.
A standard three-phase power stage is used to drive a three-phase brushless DC motor, as shown in Figure 1. The power stage produces an electric field that must be maintained at an angle close to 90° to the rotor field in order for the motor to work well. The six-step sequence control produces six stator magnetic field vectors that must be changed at a specified rotor position. The Hall effect sensor scans the position of the rotor. To provide six step currents to the rotor, the power stage utilizes six power MOSFETs that can be switched in different specific sequences. The following explains a common switching mode that provides six step currents.
pMOET Q1, Q3 and Q5 high frequency (HF) switching, Q2, Q4 and Q6 low frequency (LF) switching. When a low frequency MOSFET is on and a high frequency MOSFET is switched, a power stage is generated.
Step 1 ) The power stage supplies power to both phases simultaneously, but not to the third phase. Assume that the power supply phase is L1, L2, and L3 is not powered. In this case, MOSFETs Q1 and Q2 are in an on state, and current flows through Q1, L1, L2, and Q4.
Step 2) MOSFET Q1 is turned off. Because the inductor cannot suddenly interrupt the current, it generates an extra voltage until the body diode D2 is directly biased and allows freewheeling current to flow. The path of the freewheeling current is D2, L1, L2, and Q4.
Step 3) When Q1 is turned on, body diode D2 is suddenly reverse biased. The total current on Q1 is the sum of the supply current and the recovery current on diode D2.
The body-drain diode is shown. Current flows into the body-drain diode D2 (see Figure 1), which is forward biased and minority carriers are injected into the diode and P regions.
When MOSFET Q1 is turned on, diode D2 is reverse biased and minority carriers in the N region enter the P+ body region and vice versa. This rapid transfer causes a large amount of current to flow through the diode, from N-epi to the P+ region, from the drain to the source. Inductor L1 exhibits a high impedance to the peak current flowing through Q2 and Q1. Q1 exhibits additional current spikes that increase switching losses during turn-on.
To improve the performance of body diodes in these special applications, developers have developed MOSFETs with fast body diode recovery characteristics. When the diode is turned on and reverse biased, the reverse recovery peak current Irrm is small.
How the PWM inverter circuit works
Resistor R2 and capacitor C1 set the frequency of the internal oscillator of the integrated circuit. The preset R1 can be used to fine tune the frequency of the oscillator. The emitter terminals of the 14-pin and 11-pin IC internal drive transistors. The collector terminals of the drive transistors (pins 13 and 12) are connected together and connected to the 8 V rail (7808 output). The 50 Hz pulse train can be eliminated by two 180 degrees on pins 14 and 15 of the IC.
These signal drivers are in the subsequent transistor stage. When the 14-pin signal is high, transistor Q2 is turned on, which in turn causes transistors Q4, Q5, and Q6 to flow from the current +12 V power supply (battery) connection through the upper half of the pass (with the tag Marked) In the transformer (T1), the primary school sinks to the ground through transistors Q4, Q5 and Q6.
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