Together with researchers from the Brandenburg University Technical Institute (BTU) and the University’s Department of Psychiatric Medicine in Cottbus, the electronic engineers of Friedrichshafen-Alexander University (FAU) have developed a reliable radar system. Procedures for detecting and diagnosing heart sounds. In the future, mobile radar devices can replace traditional stethoscopes, and fixed radar devices can be used for permanent non-touch monitoring of important patient functions. In addition to the white coat, the stethoscope is also a symbol of doctors all over the world. The stethoscope is used to diagnose the noise produced by the heart and lungs. In the traditional way, the vibration of the body surface will be transmitted to a membrane of the chest, and then to the tympanic membrane of the user, where the sound can be heard. Acoustic stethoscopes are relatively inexpensive and have been used reliably for decades, but they have a drawback. The diagnosis of heart murmurs, such as the assessment of heart valve function, is subjective and directly depends on the doctor's examination experience.
Radar can measure heart sounds. In a joint project funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Research, FAU researchers at the US LTE Electronic Engineering Institute have developed a method that may eventually replace traditional heart sounds. They used a six-port continuous wave radar system to measure the skin vibrations caused by the heartbeat.
LTE PhD student Christoph Will explained: "In principle, we are using a similar method to detect the speed of road traffic." In this process, radar waves are aimed at the surface of the object and reflected. If the object moves, the phase of the reflected wave will change. This is the exercise used to calculate the strength and frequency-in our case it is the chest. "Unlike radar systems used for traffic monitoring, biomedical radar systems can detect changes in motion. These changes can measure a few microns. This is a diagnosis for even the smallest abnormalities (such as insufficiency, stenosis, or failure of heart valves to close properly). An important prerequisite for this.†As reliable as existing measurement methods, the initial experiment was very successful. Test patients in different activity states for examination, such as during rest and after exercise, to detect their heart sounds. Direct comparison of digital stethoscope and electrocardiograph (ECG) with radar system and traditional standard instruments shows a high correlation.
Kilin Shi is a PhD student in LTE. He said, for example, when diagnosing S1, our correlation with the ECG reached 92%. S1 is the first heart sound. In direct comparison with digital stethoscopes, this correlation is 83%. This is absolutely reliable. The researchers said that this slight deviation is due to the fact that measurements using the radar system and the reference system cannot be performed at the same location on the body at the same time. In addition, the radar system measures a surface area, not a point like a stethoscope, which is also the reason for the change in the measured value. Researchers of non-contact and objective FAU are optimistic that in the near future, mobile radar systems can replace traditional stethoscopes to diagnose heart function.
An important advantage provided by radar is that these values ​​are recorded digitally, so when diagnosing abnormalities or diseases, more and more human errors are not allowed to be excluded from subjective factors. It is also feasible to use biomedical radar systems for automatic preventive inspections, such as in the doctor’s waiting room, workplace, or home.
Researchers are already working on another project that uses an uninterrupted fixed radar system to monitor important functions of critically ill patients without interfering cables. Professor Christoph Ostgathe, the medical director of FAU and one of the authors of the research report, explained: “The non-touch measurement and non-stress measurement of key parameters such as heart sound may bring benefits to clinical care and research. Revolutionary changes, such as in the field of palliative medicine." "For example, we can notify the relatives of dying patients faster at the beginning of the dying phase, because the radar system can immediately detect any changes in the patient’s health." There is also Any painful symptoms may be found in patients who are unable to communicate.
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