Lighting power is an important source of energy consumption worldwide. According to projections, China's lighting electricity accounts for about 12% of the total electricity consumption of the whole society. Among various lighting fixtures, the application of incandescent lamps with a long history but low energy efficiency is still very extensive. If the use of low-energy-efficiency light sources is limited, and the promotion and application of more energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly light sources will be conducive to energy conservation.
Therefore, including China, many countries in the world have formulated policies to phase out incandescent bulbs in stages. For example, in 2015, China plans to eliminate all of the incandescent bulbs for general lighting above 60W. Fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) are more energy efficient than incandescent lamps and have been used in the market for many years. However, fluorescent lamps contain highly toxic substances, and environmental concerns are increasing.
In comparison, LEDs are increasingly improving their performance in terms of luminous efficiency, and they are also environmentally friendly and have long-life characteristics. In fact, LED downlights and retrofit bulbs already have higher energy efficiency than current lighting technologies such as incandescent, halogen or CFL. In terms of cost, the study found that compared with 2010, the price of LED has accelerated (down 13% to 24% per year), and it is expected to continue to decline in the next few years, which will help reduce the cost of LED bulbs and lamps.
Therefore, countries around the world are optimistic about and promote the development of the LED lighting industry. For example, the National Development and Reform Commission of China issued the “Semiconductor Lighting Energy Conservation Industry Planâ€, which plans to have a market share of LED functional lighting products of more than 20% by 2015, and the LED lighting energy-saving industry output value will increase by about 30% annually, with an output value of 450 billion in 2015. Yuan (equivalent to 72 billion US dollars).
LED general lighting application and development prospects
　　 In addition to a wide range of applications, such as mobile devices, large-size liquid crystal display (LCD) backlights and LED signage, LEDs are now increasingly used in LED automotive interior/exterior lighting, such as headlights, fog lights, and taillights. , parking lights, dashboard backlights, roof lights, reading lights and ambient lights, as well as LED lighting for residential lighting and building decoration lighting.
LED general lighting applications cover a wide power range, from 3 W to 15 W LED residential lighting, medium power with 15 W to 75 W commercial and building decorative lighting, up to 75 W to 250 W outdoor and infrastructure Lighting, typical lighting products such as MR16/GU10 lamps, E27/A19 bulbs, ballasts, downlights, T8 tubes, street lights, etc.
Figure 1: Typical LED general lighting application
LED general lighting applications are promising. Among the various LED general lighting fixtures, the recent development of LED bulbs (such as A19 LED bulbs) is staggering. According to statistics, in 2012, global LED bulb shipments reached 735 million, and it is expected to grow to 1.225 billion in 2013. It is expected that by 2014, the LED bulb market will be ignited, and the price of LED bulbs will drop to US$10. Below, shipments are expected to increase by approximately 85% from 2013 to 2.27 billion; and shipments will further increase to 3.9 billion by 2015.
Energy-efficient drivers are the focus of LED general lighting
To maximize the energy-saving features of LED lighting, you need energy-efficient LED drivers. Let's take LED bulbs as an example. Typical LED bulbs contain LED arrays, drive circuits, diffusers, heat sinks and spiral bases, as shown in the left half of Figure 2. As far as the driver circuit is concerned, the energy-efficient LED driver IC is undoubtedly the focus. The right half of Figure 2 shows a typical LED bulb drive circuit using a typical stand-alone LED driver.
Figure 2: a) section view of a typical LED bulb (left); b) typical LED bulb drive circuit (right)
To take advantage of the energy-efficient LED general-purpose lighting, LED drivers have multiple challenges. The first is that energy efficiency is essential. Taking LED bulbs as an example, its shape is fixed and heat dissipation is limited. The use of energy-efficient LED drivers can help convert more energy into light energy and help dissipate heat. Secondly, LED bulbs have limited space and require a larger heat sink area, especially for larger power bulbs. In addition, LEDs are rapidly changing, offering a variety of options that also pose challenges to the choice of LED drivers. Since the space of the LED bulb is limited, it is necessary to reduce the size of the driving electronic circuit to increase the remaining space and to cooperate with heat dissipation. LED general illumination covers different power levels, so LED driver selection must be optimized to match different lighting and power requirements. For safety and LED selection, designers must also consider whether to use isolated or non-isolated topologies, which also affects the choice of LED drivers.
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