With the rapid development of urban construction, the construction environment of municipal roads is deteriorating, especially the complex ground buildings. If traditional two-dimensional design methods are adopted, the workload is large, the efficiency is low, and the cost is high, and it is difficult to meet the design requirements of complex municipal road projects. In response to the above problems, this paper proposes a method of using oblique photogrammetry for real-world 3D modeling. Compared with traditional orthophotos and modeling, oblique photogrammetry technology has the advantages of scalability, authenticity, and high precision.
In the Shenzhen Meiguan municipal road reconstruction project, through the application of oblique photogrammetry technology, the plane and elevation accuracy of the real scene model has been greatly improved, which can effectively improve the design quality of municipal roads, optimize project construction investment costs, and protect the ecological environment.
Learn the principles of photography to master the key elementsUse oblique photography technology to quickly construct a three-dimensional space scene of the target area, quickly investigate the construction conditions along municipal roads, and reasonably avoid large interchanges, important buildings, environmental protection areas, dense jungles, and dangerous terrain and harsh geological areas, so that route design It is safe and reliable, economically reasonable, and reduces the impact of line engineering construction on local economic development.
1. The working principle of oblique photography
Oblique photography technology is an emerging technology in the field of international surveying, mapping and remote sensing. It combines traditional aerial photography and close-range measurement technology. It overturns the previous limitation that orthophotos can only be shot from a vertical angle. By carrying multiple sensors on the same flight platform, Simultaneously collect images from 5 different angles: vertical, front view, left view, right view, and back view. Among them, the vertical photographic image can be processed by traditional aerial photogrammetry technology to produce 4D products; 4 oblique photographic images of front view, left view, right view and rear view, with an inclination angle between 15 and 45°, can be used to obtain ground Rich texture information on the side of the object.
Through efficient and automated 3D modeling technology, we can quickly build a true 3D space scene with accurate geographic location information, and intuitively grasp the detailed features of the topography and all the buildings in the target area, which can be used for the construction of roads and bridges and environmental protection. Provide current, detailed, accurate and realistic spatial basic geographic information data support and public services. Oblique photography technology has the advantages of high resolution, acquisition of rich texture information, efficient and automated 3D model production, and realistic 3D space scenes.
2. Real-world 3D modeling technology process
Use drones to take several high-definition real-life photos, take vertical and oblique images of ground objects and a small number of ground control points to construct a high-resolution true 3D model based on real image texture.
3. Air three encryption
Air three encryption will calculate and extract a large number of feature points of images from 5 perspectives, and use multiple perspectives to match the acquired feature points with the same name points, and calculate the spatial position and attitude angle of each image in reverse to determine the difference between the images. relationship. When the quality of the air triple encryption is poor, the air triple encryption must be performed again. If the encryption is not successful for many times, some images of poor quality and poor posture can be deleted before processing.
4. Add control points
The control point can be added before the air triple encryption, and the control point is selected after the air triple encryption because this method can save processing time. The flight belt information obtained by the air triple encryption can more quickly find which images the control point is on. Reduce control point time.
5. Model reconstruction
The triangulation TIN calculated by the air three encryption is used to generate the white model of the 3D model, and then the most reasonable texture is selected from the image for fitting work through the shape and position of the 3D model, so as to obtain the real 3D model. Due to factors such as reflections, occlusions, and moving objects in the process of oblique photography, there are holes, distortions, and fragments in the model during the construction of the triangulation network.
6. Model modification
The three-dimensional model modification mainly includes geometric modification and texture modification. The professional software of real scene model is modified by modification software to realize the geometric modification of the model.
â‘ When the ground modification is performed on the ground area for image matching, it is interfered by the emission, reflection, etc., which causes the generated model to have an abnormal elevation and the ground is sunken. Before ground modification, the abnormal ground needs to be delineated and deleted. By judging the completeness of the TIle outline, it is determined whether the surface needs to be drawn to complete the outline, and then a series of operations such as bridging, filling holes, and texture mapping are performed. The ground needs to be connected between different TIles. Fit to the same plane. When the texture is inconsistent, the texture of the current viewing angle can be connected to related software for modification.
â‘¡ Pavement modification. In view of the fact that there are many vehicles and pedestrians on the road, and they are all in motion, abnormalities often occur during image matching, which may easily cause vehicle deformation and uneven road surfaces. If no modification is taken, objects in the later model will appear in motion. In the event of untrue, abnormal, etc., some pavement modification should be carried out for such situations. The pavement modification is done by selecting and fitting the abnormal range to the same plane, and externalizing the relevant software to modify the non-conforming texture part.
This article uses Context Capture processing software to create a real scene model after 3D modeling with oblique photography technology.
Innovation-provide data support for designThe municipal road project of Qinghu South Section of Shenzhen Meiguan Expressway is located in the comprehensive group in the middle of Shenzhen. It is a highway urbanization transformation project. It is the first expressway in China that cancels tolls through government repurchase during the operation period. The route is full-length About 8.5km. The project uses drone tilt photogrammetry technology, and builds a three-dimensional real scene model by laying 58 high-precision phase control points along the line.
Realistic model creation
The project uses drone photography technology to collect tens of thousands of high-definition images.
The real scene model generated by the oblique photogrammetry technology is the latitude, longitude and elevation under geographic coordinates, while the project uses the local project coordinates and elevation, and there are coordinate conversions and errors. For this reason, according to the national control points, the project selected 58 high-precision phase control points along the line, and corrected the real scene model through the high-precision phase control points and transformed the local project coordinates and elevation, which effectively improved the accuracy of the real scene model. Realize the unity of coordinates and elevation used in the real scene model and the design.
Use drone photography technology to take photos and high-precision phase control points, generate point cloud models, triangulation TIN models, and generate real-world models after rendering.
The three-dimensional real-world model of the municipal road reconstruction project of Meiguan Expressway is mainly used in the following aspects.
1. Get the coordinates of any place
After the real scene model is established, there is no need for the staff to collect the required coordinates on site. The real scene model can be imported into the 3D design software to obtain the coordinates at any place, which is conducive to the quick query work before constructing the design plan.
2. Accurately determine the height of the building, the area of ​​the area, and the amount of earthwork in the corridor
For important crossings along existing highways, built transmission lines, buildings, etc., the coordinates, distance and height information of the objects to be crossed can be accurately measured on the true three-dimensional model, and the crossing position of the line can be reasonably optimized, which is beneficial to the overpass and overpass. construction. For municipal road reconstruction projects, the reconstruction area can be visually delineated on the true three-dimensional model, and the distance, area, and earthwork can be accurately measured. Through data analysis of the corresponding plan, route optimization design, effectively control the amount of filling and excavation, and reduce the investment in municipal road reconstruction.
3. Building information model and demolition visualization based on real model
Buildings in the real scene model can associate the attribute information with the building by adding attribute information, perform refined interpretation and indoor measurement on the true three-dimensional model, and quickly count the number of floors and the actual area of ​​the building in the corridor , So as to effectively estimate the amount of house demolition necessary for the construction of municipal road renovation projects, make the project compensation cost accurate and reasonable, and reduce the civil difficulty of construction.
4. Environmental protection based on real-world models
The Meiguan Expressway renovation project involves Minzhi Reservoir. The reservoir has both flood control and water supply functions, and is an important emergency reserve water source reservoir for the region. In order to reasonably protect the ecological environment of water resources, and consider the protection distance between the road and the reservoir, the design is based on the real-life model to transform the road to ensure accurate and intuitive advantages.
5. Integration of real scene model and design model
Use Open Road Designer technology to determine the project’s roads, bridges, pipe corridors, landscape greening and land use scope. Project design integration model and model range, deduct the original real model within the design integration model range, and combine the design integration model with the deducted real model The final integration can directly and truly reflect the rationality of the project and the situation after the project is completed.
In view of the fact that traditional two-dimensional design methods have been difficult to meet the requirements, the Meiguan Municipal Road Reconstruction Project uses innovative design methods and methods, adopts drone tilt photogrammetry technology, and deploys 58 high-precision phase control points along the line, which greatly improves the real-world model Plane and elevation accuracy. Context Capture software is used to build a real-world ground model of the project area. The model has the characteristics of high accuracy, strong sense of reality, and measurability, and intuitively reflects the appearance, location, height and other attributes of the features. Proposed innovations such as improving the accuracy of the real scene model through high-precision phase control points, as well as innovations such as the building information model based on the real scene model and the visualization of demolition, environmental protection, and the integration of the real scene model and the design model. In turn, it provides strong data support for the design, effectively supplements the field data of the project, and improves the internal business quality of the project.
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