At the Baidu World Congress held at the beginning of this month, the discussion on artificial intelligence topics became the main theme without any doubt. Baidu Chief Scientist Wu Enda stated at the conference that “Artificial Intelligence has the same impact as electricity 100 years ago. â€
At the Cambridge University's Debate Center "Cambridge Masters Lecture", Li Yanhong once again emphasized that the era of artificial intelligence has arrived. He believes that in the past 16 years, we have crossed from the PC Internet era and the mobile Internet era to the era of artificial intelligence.
Li Yanhong focused on the four core competencies of artificial intelligence: speech, images, natural language understanding, and user portraits. Because of these technologies, the way people use the Internet is changing in a subtle way.
Of course, in Li’s opinion, artificial intelligence changes not only the lives of ordinary users, but also the future of manufacturing, finance, education, medical care, tourism, and logistics will be overturned due to these key technologies of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is also Not just giants' "feast", any company can use these technologies to enhance their competitiveness.
The following is an account of Robin Li’s speech in the “Cambridge Masters Lecture Roomâ€:
I am very honored to be able to come to Cambridge and communicate with everyone. I am very excited. I also see here today full of friends.
But I came here not only to give a speech, but I came to find inspiration and inspiration. Just as great as Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, and Stephen Hawking inspired me. Of course, the biggest inspiration to me is Xu Zhimo. "I went gently, just like I came." His verses are widely circulated, and they are well known both here and abroad. We all remember the poems he wrote in Cambridge. However, this is not the focus of today. What is important is that the most inspiring great person for me is Alan Turing, who is the father of modern computer science and artificial intelligence. Therefore, Cambridge is a very special university. I personally also yearn for it. As you all know, I spent 8 years in the United States. I first studied for a master degree in computer science at the State University of New York at Buffalo, and then worked at Wall Street and Silicon Valley. In 1999, I returned to China to create Baidu.
I think that the Internet has changed dramatically in the past 16 years. We have generally experienced the three scenarios of the Internet:
The first act is the PC Internet era, dominated for about 15 years;
The second act is the so-called mobile internet era. The growth cycle is only four or five years.
Now, we have ushered in the third act, the era of artificial intelligence.
Each scene has its own characteristics, so they also have different iteration speeds.
For example, I believe that the era of the PC Internet is highly dependent on the rapid reaction of software . For me, I really grew up in the software era. For traditional software companies, upgrading software generally takes at least six months, sometimes even one or two years. So people think that the software industry will always spend six months to upgrade software, but the arrival of the Internet has greatly changed this. We don't need to work for Internet companies as we did in 1997. At that time, I worked at Infoseek search company. We began to realize that Internet companies are very different from software companies, especially in terms of iterative efficiency. Because at the Internet company, we can upgrade the software almost uninterruptedly and upgrade every day. Once the code and server are upgraded, all users can enjoy these services instantly. This is very different from traditional software companies: They need to release software packages, and users can upgrade to the latest version after 6 months. Internet companies are different. You can upgrade your servers and software at any time. For example, Baidu upgrades our services several times a day. This is a constant upgrade. However, the user may not see it because the search engine itself does not see any change, and it still displays the answer each time a question is entered in the search bar. And back in the past 16 years, we can upgrade the software many times a day. This is a place that is different from the traditional software industry. This is why most traditional software companies are underperforming in the Internet era. This is the era of the PC Internet.
About 5 years ago, I thought that the world has entered the era of mobile Internet, which is what I call the second act of the Internet. The era of mobile Internet is not just constantly upgrading software. In fact, software in this era may only be upgraded once every three months, two months, or one month. The time is not fixed and there is no law. So, what is the magic weapon for mobile Internet? I think it is to build my own ecosystem.
But why is this not the case in the PC field? Because in the PC Internet era, everything is standard in the international market: the protocol is http, and the markup language is html. You only need to focus on the technology itself, and everything else is ready. All web pages are open, you only need to link the web to get the full content.
But the mobile era is completely different. A lot of content was poured into a large number of apps, but we did not have a good answer. But the good news is that with these apps, you can do more than just information. The information on the web page is standard information, but for mobile language, you can even trade on your mobile phone. Why do we have different behaviors on PCs and mobile Internet? This is because, especially for companies like Baidu, we have to serve people's search needs and huge transactions.
In the PC era, users use Baidu's products to obtain information. But in the mobile era, users expect more, and naturally we need to do more. When a user enters a search request, Baidu search is more competitive. The user can not only search for the information of a certain service, but also can directly subscribe to the service. Not only can you find service information, you can also order services directly, eliminating the hassle of switching between apps and search pages. This is different from before. How can we achieve this? This depends on us building an ecosystem, because not all apps can be integrated. Therefore, we also spent several years to complete these tasks.
In previous years, we tried to transform the search function on the PC side into a search service that is more adaptable to the mobile era. In the beginning we just changed the search interface to use smaller windows, adapt to slower network connections and more expensive internet fees. But this is far from enough, and the changes that need to be made are far more than these. So we started investing in vertical segments such as education, health care, automotive, tourism, catering and many other important industries. So no matter what users want to get from us, no matter what keywords they enter, we can provide the services they require. At the same time, we have also tried to establish partnerships with numerous giants in the vertical field to provide Baidu users with the best and smoothest search experience.
Of course, not only Baidu search, but also Baidu map. Now in China, you can easily book hotels by opening Baidu maps. You can also buy food and beverages at discounted prices on Baidu glutinous rice. In fact, when we launched the function of booking a hotel on Baidu map, we received a lot of orders all of the time, and most of the orders were for hotels on that day. This is very different from traditional hotel reservations. In the past, you would book online a few days or even weeks in advance. But in the era of mobile internet, people only opened Baidu after arriving at their destination, so they were looking for nearby hotels. After finding it on the Baidu map, the order for the day was placed. This is a big change. The mobile era will also bring more possibilities for us, as well as Internet companies like us. Therefore, in the past few years, we have not only introduced many search apps that are more adaptable to the mobile era, but also cooperated with many leading companies in the vertical industry in order to bring the best O2O experience to users.
Consumers are looking for services, some services can be satisfied online, and others need to be performed offline. We provide offline services in many important industries. From here, we can see that we no longer rely on the standard network ecological environment, but we build a new ecological environment based on our own needs. We need to maintain a good relationship with vertical suppliers and need to ensure that users can trade smoothly through our App.
The above is the second act, which is based on the development of the Internet in the mobile era. However, starting this year, we are entering a new era and we have begun the next curtain. This is the age of the Internet based on artificial intelligence.
Similarly, the artificial intelligence era is also different from the PC and mobile era. You can see this from the search button alone. The current search box has not only camera icons, some search engines have microphone icons at the bottom. This is very different from the previous version. Because it is easier for the public to express ideas with sound or camera. With this demand, we should be satisfied, and the key lies in AI. Now the accuracy of speech recognition is very high, Baidu's accuracy rate can reach 97%. What does this 97% mean? It means that the accuracy even exceeds the ability of people to recognize speech. It can be seen that today's speech recognition technology is quite mature enough to be applied to many fields and many scenes. One of the most important scenarios is search.
When we stepped into the mobile era from the PC era, everyone realized that the keyboard was not the most natural way to express ideas. Our generation grew up using a laptop and was used to typing on the keyboard. When the smartphone came out, however, the keyboard became a virtual keyboard on the screen. The touch screen had to shoulder multiple functions of the mouse and keyboard. At first, everyone thought that this design was stupid, slow and inaccurate. But when I watched children use the touch screen, everything is so natural. This is because a more natural expression than the input on a conventional keyboard is the click of a finger on the touch screen. But after the mobile era, sound and pictures became more natural expressions. After all, people learn to type after they learn to speak first, so if you want to express your thoughts, you can express them more naturally through sound. Before the machine could not recognize the voice information, people had to use the keyboard or touchpad to input the information they wanted to express; but thanks to artificial intelligence, people can now use voice to convey information.
In addition, there is image recognition. If you see a plant, but do not know what plant it is, then take a picture and the machine will recognize its species. The same applies to face recognition. When you see a person and don't know who he is, taking a photo will automatically identify it. What are the reasons? The answer is still artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence technology is very useful. It is not a new concept. The term "artificial intelligence" was created some 60 years ago, but it was not until the past 10 years that we realized the importance of artificial intelligence, mainly because of today's The computing power is cheaper and more powerful. And, compared with the past, we already have more data.
Artificial intelligence technology with big data and cheap computing power now appears in people's lives. In the past five or six years, Baidu has invested heavily in artificial intelligence technology, especially in deep learning.
On September 1 this year, we held the annual Baidu World Conference. At that time we released the Baidu brain, which is the engine of Baidu artificial intelligence technology. Baidu's brain involves Baidu's core artificial intelligence capabilities, including voice capabilities, image capabilities, natural language processing capabilities, and user portrait capabilities.
I have mentioned speech and image capabilities. In addition to this, natural language processing is also very important , because when people express their ideas, they must not only know their unique personality traits, but also need to know what they need. What, behind this, involves natural language processing techniques. This is an unusual area, so we have added user portraits, because this is also very useful, because we have a lot of big data. We have a lot of user data, such as behavior data, search data, geographic location information, etc., so we can have a good understanding of the user, thanks to these, we can meet the needs of users. The artificial intelligence behind it is very important and has provided great help. In addition to enhancing existing Baidu services: search, maps, paste it, etc., we can actually provide many other developers with a lot of services so that we can use our achievements in the past five or six years to help them establish themselves. The advantages.
For example, recently, our sales team made some new attempts. Many companies’ sales platforms do not have high salaries, resulting in a high turnover rate. So companies always need to train new salespeople, teach them sales skills, and talk to customers. In general, the best salesperson’s performance is ten times that of the new salesperson. In the past, many companies just summed up the sales skills of the best sales staff, and then let new employees back down. So new employees spend a lot of time learning and using these techniques. Now we have developed a new system to help new sales people learn that when they call potential customers, we have a speech recognition engine. When the customer speaks and asks, the system will identify the problem in real time and show the best How sales staff usually answer this question. This was previously impossible, but with voice recognition technology, this became possible. This way, new salespeople do not need a long training period, and they can make the same performance as the best sales. So we can imagine what kind of impact the future speech recognition will have on various industries around the world.
In addition to speech recognition, we discovered other new possibilities. We have our own financial services, Internet finance, and can identify people’s faces based on image recognition technology. We can complete the student loan service within a few seconds because we can identify the photos on the ID card and match it with the student's identity because we have such technical capabilities. We have also combined this ability with the advertising system. One of the major areas is education. We understand these educational institutions very well and understand their graduates' income levels after graduation. We work with these educational institutions to issue student loans to potential students. Educational institutions are very satisfied with such cooperation because they can find more students and make more money. Students are also very satisfied because this means that they can choose not to rely on their own savings to go to school but can choose to go to school on loan. We are also very beneficial because we can earn interest on loans. This is all thanks to the development of technology so that we can evaluate the credit of all students and potential students. There is also a natural language understanding ability and it is also a major trend in the IT industry.
Recently, many companies are working hard to develop virtual assistants. Taking Baidu as an example, we have introduced a virtual assistant called "Duwei," and people can use natural language to talk to it. It can tell jokes, help you to set up hotels, answer questions that generally need to be solved with search engines, and it is becoming more and more intelligent. "Dongji" was released a year ago. Every day afterwards, it continues to improve. We used it to explain the Olympic Games a few months ago. As a result, it performed well, basically the same as human explanations. it is good. Later we will turn this natural language interface into a new platform and dialogue is the new platform. In the future, it is no longer necessary to do an API (application interface program), do not learn how to use the new remote control, keyboard, because people only speak enough. Through natural language understanding, all the work can be completed.
User portrait technology will also help many industries , such as marketing. In June last year, Legendary Films asked us to help them promote the upcoming movie "Warcraft" in China. We use our own user mining technology to attract more people to watch. We divide the users into three groups. The first group is a loyal fan of the movie and does not need any publicity. The second group is hesitant users. The third group is the one who will never see the film anyway. Our job is to find and identify these three groups of users and transform them into indecisive users, prompting them to go to the cinema to watch movies. We use the user's portrait to find out the swinging user groups and conduct marketing. Our initial expectation for this marketing tool was to increase revenue by 5% and result in an increase of over 200%. We know users well, know who they are, what they like, and how much they earn. We can do a lot of things by doing these analyses. We are just beginning to explore the technology in this area and we have only tried with several external partners. Once the various industries understand the role of voice, images, natural language understanding, and user portrait technology, the possibilities for application are limitless.
In the era of artificial intelligence, everyone will be affected, not only IT companies, from manufacturing to finance, from education to health care, from tourism to logistics and other industries will face transformation and subversion. I think that as long as you are prepared, you can use these technologies to enhance your competitiveness. In the era of artificial intelligence, we must reconsider the possibilities of all aspects and (re-imagining) the infinite possibilities of our company, industry, China, and the world.
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