If you click on this article, we assume that you are a developer/hacker interested in blockchain. You are sure that you understand how it works, and now you want to figure out what the blockchain means for you and your developer skills.
If you need to learn more about getting started, we recommend starting with the Bitcoin White Paper and the Ethereum White Paper.
The main objectives of this article are:
Explain the differences between blockchain development and existing development paradigms.
Provide background information on opportunities and challenges in this area.
I will point you out some resources that will help you lay the foundation for the development of this new paradigm.
Internet applications benefit from network effects because they bring together information silos. Based on shared open protocols (such as TCP/IP protocol, HTTP protocol), companies like Yelp, Facebook and Amazon can have a large number of users and users in one place, so that they are not only less competitive than those data. Opponents have a greater advantage and can fully control the way data is realized.
In the words of cryptocurrency investor Joel Monegro, the current Internet paradigm captures most of the value at the application layer, while the value obtained from the underlying communication protocol layer is very low.
Alternatively, the value distribution of the blockchain paradigm can be described by a protocol layer (more) and an application layer (less). This paradigm shift is possible because of the invention of crypto tokens, as described by USW's Albert Wagner:
"Historically, the only way to make money from an agreement is to create software to implement it and then try to sell the software (or host it)... However, with crypto tokens, the creator of the protocol can monetize the protocol directly. In fact, when other people build business on top of the agreement, the creators of the agreement actually benefit more."
Prior to this, developers of Internet open communication protocols, mainly DARPA researchers and non-profit contributors, did not combine financial incentives with protocol development. In contrast, today's protocol developers can publish "tokens," such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, which represent the value of their decentralized agreements.
Joel Monegro believes that this paradigm shift will affect how developers think about applications: "Sharing open data and incentives will subvert the 'winners' application layer market and change applications. Layers of game rules, and create a new category of companies at the protocol level, these companies are fundamentally different from the business model of companies currently mining application layer values."
EthereumWe have realized that in the blockchain paradigm, developers can gain value through protocol innovation. In order to continue our discussion, we review how the blockchain technology evolved and eventually catered to developers. Eight years ago, Bitcoin was considered a virtual currency, eliminating the need for a centralized financial system. Initially, developers actually tried to build applications on the Bitcoin blockchain by storing the data in a blockchain, but the result was very inefficient. One of the developers, Vitalik Buterin, was disappointed with the incompetence of Bitcoin and the cultural evasion of risk aversion. Because he wants to create new features that are developer-friendly. Therefore, he established his own platform - Ethereum.
Although Bitcoin was originally intended to be a new financial value storage medium, Ethereum was emerged as a complete developer environment. In Ethereum, developers write smart contracts in the Solidity programming language, and those smart contracts run in the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), where we see developers have a chance to fork Or use their own blockchain to achieve different purposes. However, to do this requires developer support and the network effects previously implemented by existing blockchain technologies. Today, on the basis of existing networks such as Ethereum, developers can not only become stakeholders in their own applications, but also be stakeholders in the underlying agreements.
Decentralized applications (Dapps), cryptocurrencies, and smart contractsToday's blockchain developers typically develop decentralized applications based on existing protocols to address the needs of specific markets and end users. In this way, the developer can issue tokens for performing certain "features" of the decentralized application itself. These “features†are “smart contracts†that promise to service decentralized applications in exchange for digital assets, eliminating the need for intermediaries to secure transactions.
As the functionality of decentralized applications is increasingly sought after, the value of a fixed number of cryptocurrencies increases as demand exceeds supply. In other words, if it turns out that the experience of decentralized applications is really compelling and highly demanding, then a fixed supply of tokens becomes more valuable. This is the basic principle of all ICOs, and decentralized application developers fund their projects by offering a cryptocurrency for the application to attract investment.
But, wait, you might ask: "Why don't you use your existing tokens, but instead issue your own tokens that are specific to the decentralized application at the beginning?"
Tokens specific to decentralized applications can help small-scale economies achieve their application. These tokens are a scarce resource that can be managed to more closely integrate with the functionality of a decentralized application.
This is the starting point for Ethereum – in Ethereum, developers can easily publish their own tokens for the specific purpose of their own decentralized applications.
Early opportunityAfter understanding the underlying mechanisms of decentralized applications, it is important to think carefully about what benefits decentralization can ultimately bring to users. We don't want to jump to a list of incidental projects, but instead hand over the relational database to the blockchain, and we urge you to consider the benefits of decentralization. For example, Augur predicts the market by making the right predictions for dispersed participants because they share financial incentives.
At a meta level, there are also opportunities for innovation in the developer stack. Many blockchain developers like the maturity of blockchain tools and frameworks to the early days of the Internet. We interviewed Ben Yu of Stream, who said it was a new opportunity for developers: "In the process of making this field more accessible, there are handy results and a lot of technical infrastructure is needed to build The development level of the blockchain has been brought to the 2017 level from the Internet level in 1994."
With the innovation of blockchains, many people have discovered the opportunity to build a new, decentralized network stack that does not rely on centralized government or business entities. Traditional network stacks consist of building blocks such as TCP/IP, DNS, databases, web servers, authentication systems, and CDNs, and we are using Ethereum as the base layer to replicate these components.
Immutability challengeUnfortunately, a technique similar to the early iterations of JavaScript is almost certainly a challenge, the most obvious of which is related to the immutability of the new protocol. Developers cannot change the underlying blockchain or higher level of smart contracts. Contracts cannot be easily versioned. The recent parity bug, freezing $150 million in funding, and many other similar incidents remind us of the need to build a "future-based" architecture.
0x engineer Brandon Millman describes how the invariance of the blockchain affects his perception of security: "Being in this area means being much more cautious, especially because it gives people money. Bringing risk. One of the benefits of the blockchain paradigm is that if you hold a private key, it is difficult for people to take the money away from you, but many scams will make you willingly put the money in the wrong place, and Not stealing money from your wallet. â€
Developers, especially those accustomed to fast-paced startups, have to trade off between speed and security.
As Stream's Ben Yu describes, "You have to move very fast, because space is growing fast, but you can't move fast and break the rules. If you mess things up, you will lose hundreds of millions of dollars."
Developing on the blockchain requires different levels of planning. Developers can no longer use hot fixes or overnight patches because they no longer have centralized control of the entire system. Conversely, introducing system changes typically requires strict handling of the entire protocol or, in some cases, separate source code for protocol parameters that are not directly bound to the blockchain.
Limitations of EthereumIn addition to the general immutability challenges, Ethereum also includes some of the limitations that blockchain developers may encounter.
First, Ethereum cannot get real-time data from outside the blockchain. Developers need to rely on trusted third-party data providers to provide smart contracts with external information such as weather, random numbers or currency values.
In addition, Ethereum's specifications also prevent real-time calculations. The processing time for block transactions is more than 15 seconds (this is lightning-fast compared to 10 minutes for Bitcoin). Therefore, developers need to write asynchronous code with a front-end framework that can update state (such as React) accordingly.
In Ethereum, you also have to pay for the transaction for your transaction, using the current version of Solidity. If the calculation you are going to perform is too expensive, you will most likely find yourself experiencing a trading limit. Therefore, the computational cost in the blockchain becomes expensive in terms of money and network bandwidth. There are some interesting alternatives, such as Truebit, which can perform more intensive calculations in non-chains.
start to actIn general, entering this field will certainly make people feel irresistible. This is an interdisciplinary field covering economics, game theory, finance, computer science, mathematics, cryptography and more. However, this also means that there are many areas for new entrants to choose from.
0x Brandon suggests that you should go to areas that you are interested in or have experience, rather than learning everything at once: "If you have done JS development before, you can do a lot of JS libraries. Although you are sure You need to know how everything is ultimately combined, but you don't need to learn the whole course from the start."
In the spirit of decentralization, most of the code for blockchain projects is also available through open source. There are many good resources for you to use:
The official Solidity file is a good starting point.
The Truffle frame is one of the most rugged frames.
See how you can develop tokens and sell tokens in zeppelinOS repo, one of the most trusted libraries for developing decentralized applications.
Blockgeek also offers a deep Ethereum token guide with code samples and advanced concepts.
You can even learn from Crypto KitTIes and create your own digital games on the blockchain.
If you mainly learn by writing your own project, here are some ideas to get started:
Create your own wallet. It can be a web page, mobile app or desktop app.
Create your own ERC-20 token and deploy it to the test network.
Make Crypto KitTIes into dogs, tanks, zombies... and deploy it to the test network.
Looking to the futureIn the current state, the development of blockchain is confusing. There are no frameworks and tools like modern web development. But why not consider the new state of the blockchain as an opportunity to influence a paradigm shifting technique?
On the blockchain, you don't need to deploy any centralized servers, which means there is no single point of failure. If your entire stack is decentralized, then no trusted third party is involved in its review, and your database is publicly verifiable. As the new paradigm provides an opportunity to share data publicly, we believe that decentralizing the database is one of the biggest advantages. This is the future we are building on the blockchain – eliminating middlemen and letting information and power be systematically distributed.
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