What is the reference value of Tesla Super Charger Network?

I. The successful experience of Tesla charging network construction

(1) Tesla's "Super Charging" network construction takes shape in Europe, America and other countries

Compared with the traditional charging system, the DC charging method is quick in charging and saves the user's waiting time. Electric vehicles use lithium batteries as energy storage modules, which are inseparable from regular charging operations. Therefore, how to quickly charge electric vehicles has become one of the bottlenecks in the development of electric vehicles. Tesla's Super Charging Station is capable of supplying 50% or more of the Tesla Model S in 20 minutes with 120 kW DC output. In half an hour, the car can run for approximately 274 km. The efficiency is ten times that of an ordinary charging station. Several times, and the owner does not need to spend any money. In the United States, Tesla has covered more than 80% of the automotive user area through the rational distribution of charging stations, minimizing the number of electric vehicles parked at charging stations. This initiative has provided great convenience for long-distance car users and has also become a strong support for the success of Tesla's car sales. In Germany, a similar charging network can cover 100% of the population in the residential area by the end of 2014, basically meeting the driving needs of users.

(B) Competitive electricity prices and photovoltaic charging are the guarantee of low cost for Tesla's charging network

The reason why the success of Tesla's charging network is very important is its control over operating costs. This is due to the fact that the US power market has introduced sufficient market competition, and the electricity market allows new manufacturers to build transmission and distribution networks. It gives users greater autonomy in the pricing of electricity. On the other hand, thanks to its use of solar photovoltaic power solutions, one-time investment, operation and maintenance costs are controllable. According to the data, in 2013, the total installed capacity of photovoltaic solar panels installed by solar network contractor Solar City reached 567 megawatts, with a total of 6.43 million kWh of electricity, and 29.42 million kilometers of Tesla electric vehicles. The cumulative fuel savings were 2.78 million liters. . The U.S. electricity market is fully competitive and innovative photovoltaic charging methods have ensured the low cost of Tesla's charging network operations in the United States.

(III) “Charging destinations” effectively relieved pressure on construction of super charging stations

As an effective supplement to the super charging station model, Tesla has been actively promoting the "destination charging" model. By building charging facilities near large-scale commercial projects in the daily destinations of motor vehicle users, users can spend money while shopping. The car is charging. In the United States, Tesla built a large number of charging piles near shopping centers like Wal-Mart throughout the United States, which greatly facilitated the user's charging behavior and effectively relieved the pressure of the super charging station and became an effective supplement to the charging network. At present, the "recharge destination parking space" can make the Tesla electric vehicle run for about 100 kilometers in an hour, which can basically satisfy the daily use of those who drive in the city. Domestically, Tesla also cooperates with Yintai and other commercial real estate developers to promote the construction of charging piles. In the recently announced cooperation plan with China Unicom, Tesla will build more than 400 destination charging points in 20 cities in China.

(D) Tesla's patent for open charging technology is intended to promote the development of the electric vehicle market

Tesla announced in June 2014 that it had opened all its own technology patents for use by other companies in good faith. The most notable of these was undoubtedly fast charging technology. The Tesla Model S electric car can last about 300 kilometers in 20 minutes while the other competitors' models can only travel 150 kilometers in 1 hour. Previously, Tesla applied for patent protection for its own charging technology that uses the dual temperature control system to dynamically adjust the charging speed and improve the charging efficiency. The Tesla’s patent liberalization action, of course, has commercial interest considerations, but it is more intended to promote the increase in the market share of the electric vehicle market in the vehicle market, which has a great boosting effect on the new energy vehicle market. .

Second, China's current difficulties in the construction of charging network

(I) The high operating cost of charging network leads to low enthusiasm for promoting market construction

First of all, although the State Grid, Southern Electric and other companies have been actively promoting the construction of charging stations and charging facilities, but China's own technical standards have not yet been introduced, the details of the standard is still in the process of research and development, resulting in charging station construction standards can not be achieved Completely unified, there is a problem of charging incompatibility. Secondly, the main body of the current charging station construction is the State Grid Corporation. The market competition is not enough, resulting in high charging station construction costs and affecting the sustainability of charging stations. Finally, after the completion of the charging station there is no idle situation of vehicle-free charging, resulting in a serious loss of charging station operations, the more the number of charging stations to build, the more serious the phenomenon of losses.

(II) Solve the problem of individual users generating electricity into the grid

Tesla in the United States advocates that individual users install solar panels to supply Tesla cars and their homes with electricity. The mode of storing surplus electric energy in cars also exists in China. The current model in China encourages individual users to use solar energy. Photovoltaic power then sells excess power to the grid company for profit. The reality is that, on the one hand, the space for most of the individual users in China is limited, and the electricity generated by photovoltaic solar panels is not enough to meet their own power needs; on the other hand, the current case of personal power generation and sale is also facing a one-time investment. In the short term, problems such as the inability to recover costs and the inability of output power to enter into the network, etc., and the installation of equipment on the roof of the community are not available, and the demonstration effect of large-scale promotion is not available. Currently, the charging problem of new energy vehicles cannot be effectively solved.

(C) The destination charging mode is slowly advancing in China's construction

As an effective supplement to Tesla's super charging station, the destination charging method faces many promotion problems in our country. The first is the limited supply of land. As a concentrated area for mass office consumption activities, the construction of charging piles for large shopping malls and supermarkets is proceeding slowly. Commercial real estate projects are expensive, and it is difficult to arrange more space to accommodate charging facilities. The second is the site selection problem. Tesla and China Unicom cooperated to promote the construction of charging piles. Because China Unicom’s business offices are quick to consider the business for their customers, the internal or surrounding commercial projects are not as good as Wal-Mart or Intime. Such as the attractiveness of the user, not the best choice of geographical location. Finally, the construction of charging stations along the highway is cautious. As China's autonomous charging network standards have not yet completely determined technical details, the construction progress has been slow.

(IV) The definition of key parameters of the charging network interface protocol in China is not yet clear

At present, China's charging interface standard is the GB/T20234 series of standards announced at the end of 2011, and the standards for AC and DC charging are explained. However, after the implementation of this standard, because of the absence of some parameters, the national standard has not been completely unified. The charging standards, the domestic car companies have more or less some differences, but also some electric vehicles can be universal charging facilities. The current problem is that due to the higher efficiency of DC charging and the more complex technology, the standardization of DC charging is even more serious. In the charging interface standard announced in 2011, due to the limitation of technical conditions and due to the inconsistency between the power supplier and the domestic car company, some parameters such as electronic locking and hot plugging are not clearly defined, resulting in the current China. Charging network construction is still facing standardization problems.

Third, the proposed measures

(I) Give full play to the main role of the state grid and other enterprises, and increase the participation in market competition

The first is to give full play to the leading role of the national power companies. State Grid, China Southern Power Grid and other power companies should give full play to their role as market players, actively deploy domestic charging network construction markets, and play a demonstration role to guide more funds and enterprises to participate in market competition. The second is to actively promote the reform of the electricity market through fiscal and taxation and other levers, through BOT and other construction methods, encourage investment and financing innovation, and attract private enterprises and funds to enter the charging network construction market. The third is to actively explore the charging network construction business model. By studying Tesla's operating model in the U.S. Supercharge Network, we have changed the situation of widespread loss in domestic charging stations, and eliminated the anxiety of private funds caused by the ambiguous profit model and excessive investment recovery cycle.

(B) continue to do a good job individual users of photovoltaic power generation demonstration, a variety of ways to solve the energy supply of new energy vehicles

First of all, continue to do a good job of demonstration and promotion of individual distributed photovoltaic power generation, provide clear access system system development, installation of electric energy metering devices, and acceptance and commissioning of grid-connected services. No fees will be charged, and after passing inspection All purchases of electricity. Secondly, on this basis, it actively explores the feasibility of supplying surplus energy from distributed generation such as photovoltaics to power the new energy vehicles, and studies the supplementary charging schemes for multiple energy generation methods for new energy vehicles. Finally, a new energy vehicle personal photovoltaic power generation charging test project will be carried out in areas where conditions permit, and new energy vehicle charging channels will be expanded in the market to make various preparations for the development of the new energy automotive industry.

(C) continue to explore a variety of charging methods combined charging network construction model

On the one hand, on the basis of the implementation of the national charging network and the standardization of charging equipment, the construction of the charging network with the charging station as the main body continues to be promoted, and charging is instructed through the introduction of the construction standards of China's own charging stations and the charging network interface adapted communication protocol. Station construction is rapidly advancing. On the other hand, it actively explores a variety of charging network construction methods, including destination charging piles, to form various types of charging network modes, mainly charging stations, destination charging stations, individuals, and small distributed generation. Obstacles and bottlenecks in the development of electric vehicles.

(4) Unified charging interface standards for electric vehicles and standardization of charging network construction

First, speed up the revision and supplement of charging network interface standards, and invited the domestic power industry and auto companies to participate extensively in the formulation of standards, supplementing the missing key parameters. Second, as soon as possible to harmonize the charging network interfaces and charging communication protocols between various provinces and cities in China and between different regions, and standardize the market order. Finally, as soon as possible to complete the relevant work of the unified charging standards in China and Germany, while actively learning to reference the charging standards of other countries in the world, while efforts to promote China's charging standards in the international community to get a greater right to speak.