Automotive electronics is considered to be a revolution in the development of automotive technology. The degree of automotive electronics is regarded as an important indicator for measuring the level of modern vehicles. It is the most important technical measure for developing new models and improving vehicle performance. Automakers believe that increasing the number of automotive electronics and promoting automotive electronics is an important and effective means of capturing the future automotive market.
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According to statistics, from 1989 to 2000, the average proportion of electronic devices per vehicle in the total cost of automobile manufacturing increased from 16% to more than 23%. In some luxury cars, the number of single-chip microcomputers has reached 48, and electronic products account for more than 50% of the cost of complete vehicles. At present, the application of electronic technology has almost penetrated into all systems of automobiles.
According to the influence of the driving performance of the car, the automotive electronic products can be classified into two categories: one is the electronic control device of the car, and the electronic control device of the car is used in conjunction with the mechanical system on the vehicle, that is, the so-called "electromechanical combination" Electronic devices; they include engine, chassis, and body electronics. For example, electronic fuel injection system, brake anti-lock control, anti-skid control, traction control, electronic control suspension, electronically controlled automatic transmission, electronic power steering, etc., and the other is automotive electronic devices, and automotive electronic devices are in automobiles. An electronic device that can be used independently in the environment, and it is not directly related to the performance of the car itself. They include automotive information systems (driving computers), navigation systems, car audio and television entertainment systems, in-vehicle communication systems, and Internet access devices.
At present, the development direction of electronic technology is focused on integrated control development: integrating engine management system and automatic transmission control system into integrated control (PCM) of power transmission system; braking anti-lock control system (ABS) and traction control system ( The TCS) is integrated with the anti-skid control system (ASR) for brake control; the control system for braking, suspension, steering, power transmission, etc. is connected via the bus through the central chassis controller. Through complex control calculations, the controller coordinates each subsystem to control the vehicle's driving performance to an optimal level to form an integrated chassis control system (UCC).
Due to the rapid increase in the number of electronic and electrical devices on automobiles, in order to reduce the number and weight of connecting wires, network and bus technologies have been greatly developed during this period. The communication line connects various automotive electronic devices into a network to send and receive information over the data bus. In addition to independently performing their respective control functions, electronic devices can also provide data services for other control devices. Due to the use of a networked design, the wiring is simplified, the number of electrical nodes and the amount of wires are reduced, the assembly work is simplified, and the reliability of information transmission is also increased. Through the data bus, you can access any electronic control device, read the fault code to diagnose it, and make the vehicle maintenance work easier.
The application of automotive electronics will cause the following major changes in the car:
The mechanical structure of the car will also undergo major changes, and the various control systems of the car will be developed electronically and electrically, achieving "line manipulation." Replace the original mechanical transmission mechanism with a wire, such as "wire brake", "wire turn", "electronic throttle", etc.
The car's 12-volt power supply system converts to 42 volts. With the increasing number of automotive electronic devices, the power consumed is increasing dramatically. The existing 12 volt power supply can not meet the needs of all electrical systems on the car. In the future, the integrated starter-generator 42 volt power supply system will be used. The maximum output power of the generator will be increased from the current 1 kW to 8 kW, and the power generation efficiency will reach 80% or more. The implementation of the new standard for 42-volt automotive electrical systems will lead to major changes in the design and construction of automotive electrical components. Mechanical relays and fuse-protected circuits will be phased out.
The application of automotive electronics will make cars more intelligent. The smart car is equipped with a variety of sensors that can fully sense the condition of the driver and passengers, the traffic facilities and the surrounding environment, determine whether the occupant is in the best condition, whether the vehicle and the person will be in danger, and take corresponding measures in time.
Today, society has entered the era of information networks. People hope that cars are not just a means of transportation. They also hope that cars are an extension of life and work. In cars, they can listen to themselves in their own offices and homes. Broadcast, call, go online, handle work. With the advancement of digital technology, cars will also enter the multimedia era. The on-board computer multimedia system developed by the Windows operating system has functions of information processing, communication, navigation, anti-theft, language recognition, image display and entertainment. For the foreseeable future, the car's automatic navigation and assisted driving system allows the driver to enter the destination of the driving into the car computer, and the car will travel along the best driving route to reach the destination. People can use the language recognition system to manipulate various facilities in the car, while driving the car, while enjoying the music TV, and can also book meals, tickets, etc. online.
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