I don't know what the reason is, it is obviously a mix of power, but in the domestic industry, it is called "hybrid"? For example, "Series hybrid, Parallel hybrid" is also the word "mixed" in the back. The term "hybrid" can cause more ambiguity. Some friends asked the author, what does “oil and electricity mix†mean? How is oil and electricity mixed? The author explained it for a long time, and I couldn't explain it clearly. Later, when explaining (explaining) to some friends, the author avoided the "hybrid" and directly became "dynamic mixing".
In the following, "hybrid" is replaced by "power mixing". It is only more convenient for explanation. It is not what you want. Please ask your friends for understanding.
First, the basic meaning of power mixing
The car's forward (or backward) is driven by the car's power. At present, the driving force for driving sports is the mechanical force of the vehicle. The source of this mechanical force is basically two categories: one is the power generated by the on-board engine; the other is the power generated by the electric motor. The basic meaning of power mixing is to superimpose the power generated by the onboard engine and the power generated by the motor.
From the above analysis, "power mixing" does not produce a bit of ambiguity, nor does it cause "mixing of oil and electricity" and "mixing of oil and gas", how to explain it, and explain the flaws. Because life common sense tells people, "oil and electricity can not be mixed", "oil and gas can not be mixed."
1. Basic conditions for dynamic mixing
1) There must be two or more power sources and power coupling (conversion) devices in the car. For example, there are on-board engines and on-board motors and clutches.
2) The vehicle engine is the power produced by burning oil or burning gas. This is the internal matter of the engine system. Similarly, the power supplied to the vehicle motor is provided by the vehicle power battery or by the vehicle engine. Things inside the system.
3) The object of power mixing is not only directly related to oil (gas), but also has no direct relationship with electricity. The mixed object is the mechanical force outputted by the onboard engine and the onboard motor.
2. What is the difficulty of mixing power?
Car engines and on-board motors have been around for more than 100 years and their technology is quite mature. It stands to reason that the mechanical forces (drivers) of the two outputs are superimposed, and the two component forces can be combined according to the physics principle of middle school. But it is very difficult to separate the two in the car. The main reasons are:
1) The car is a moving object and is characterized by working conditions. It has start, acceleration, deceleration, idle speed and so on. His dynamic requirements for the force component are not static.
2) The requirements for the engine not only require the provision of adapted power, but also require energy saving and environmental protection. And the indicators are getting higher and higher. First, the fuel consumption of 100 kilometers should be reduced from 8 oils to 5 oils; second, the emissions should meet the requirements of the country 6. The answer given by the experts is that these two requirements have reached the upper limit of the theoretical value.
3) The power generated by the two different power units must also meet the requirements of modern vehicle working conditions, and there is also a requirement for mixing efficiency.
As can be seen from the above analysis, the power mixing is not a mechanical mixing of the traditional meaning engine and the traditional meaning of the motor. The hybrid power of modern cars must be the combination of advanced engine system technology and advanced motor systems, the power of the two outputs, and the most advanced indicators.
To sum up, there are three difficulties in power mixing: first, the most advanced engine system level; second, the most advanced motor system; third, the power mixing mechanism must also be the most advanced.
Second, the most successful reasons for the Japanese hybrid car
Japan's engine system technology has long been a world leader, and its motor system is also. Another professional often mentions a power mixing device that non-professionals want to understand but not understand, that is, a "planetary gear" hybrid mechanism. Professionals who want to develop hybrid car products must understand the working principle of their products and the conditions for their motion theory formulas. It is not just the mating of the outer dimensions of the products. Here are some basic knowledge introductions to better understand the reasons for the successful technical aspects of Japanese hybrid vehicles.
1. Take the Toyota Prius as an example. The output shaft of the engine is connected to the carrier of the planetary gear, the generator is connected to the sun gear, and the drive motor is connected to the ring gear and output to the half shaft. The connection diagram of the planetary gear mechanism system is as follows (see Figure 1).
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the planetary gear mechanism system
In the figure: Engine refers to the engine, Generator refers to the engine, Motor refers to the motor, Piniongear refers to the pinion, Sungear refers to the sun gear, Planetary carrier refers to the planetary carrier, Ringgear refers to the ring gear, Planetarygear refers to the planetary gear
2. The basic principles of engine, engine and motor are basically mature, and the working principle of planetary gear mechanism system is:
1 The whole internal mechanism looks like the solar system, the middle is a sun gear, surrounded by 4 small sun gears, and then a large gear on the periphery;
2 Each gear is in a rotary motion, and the middle gear is rotated and connected to the four small sun gears respectively. The large gear and the four small sun gears are also connected in rotation.
3 The output of the engine and generator is coupled by planetary gears. Under normal driving conditions, the generator can freely switch between power generation and drive.
3. Features:
Advantages: There is no clutch and the drive system has only one mode. The engine is operated at an economical speed by adjusting the power and speed of the generator; the engine can be started without starting at the start and reverse, and the vehicle is only driven by the motor; when braking, the drive motor acts as a generator to charge the battery while providing Braking torque.
Disadvantages: The planetary gears will always be in operation. The speed of the main drive motor (Motor) is proportional to the speed of the vehicle and cannot be decoupled from the output shaft. The transmission efficiency in the whole working condition range is limited, and it is impossible to adapt to a large vehicle. In the high-speed road condition, a large amount of electric driving with low energy efficiency is required.
Third, the reason why the power mixing technology is not suitable for Chinese buses
1. Toyota's Prius is a sedan that uses planetary gears for coupling (hybrid) technology because of the limited transmission efficiency over the entire operating range, and the planetary gear coupling (hybrid) technology cannot accommodate larger vehicles. The bus in China is a bus with a length of more than 6 meters, which is determined by technical principles;
2. China's new energy vehicles started as bus buses, and they were basically hybrid technologies from 2002 to 2013. Tested from series, parallel, and hybrid, but the planetary gears have not been used for coupling (mixing) technology. Basically, the clutch power coupling technology is adopted. Because the domestic clutch power coupling technology is basically out of control, and the mechanical automatic clutch of the American Eaton hybrid bus has been promoted, but his price is relatively high, and it has not been popularized. Some domestic companies have made many innovations based on the technology of Eaton in the United States. However, the quality of the product is difficult to compare with Eaton. After more than 10 years of hard work, the quality of domestic mechanical automatic clutch has also improved a lot.
3. For a hybrid bus to be successful, it must overcome three difficulties at the same time, that is, the engine system, motor system, and power coupling (hybrid) technology must be the most advanced in the world. This is basically impossible for the Chinese automotive industry.
4. The annual production capacity of Chinese buses is around 150,000, and the production of bus buses is between 50,000 and 70,000. The engine system, motor system, and power coupling (hybrid) mechanism of the bus manufacturer are basically externally. China's buses are basically domestic sales, and their prices are the lowest in the world. The engine system, motor system, and power coupling (hybrid) mechanism required for China's power hybrid bus must be the most advanced. This is basically impossible.
Fourth, pure electric buses have brought hope to the development of Chinese cars "curve overtaking"
"Curving overtaking" is a metaphor. Some colleagues explain that "overtaking at a corner" is wrong. Traffic rules clearly stipulate that no overtaking can be made at corners, but "no overtaking for corners" is not stipulated. The basic way to overtake is to "curve." How do pure electric buses overtake?
1. Avoiding the engine system must be the most advanced, avoiding the power coupling (mixing) mechanism must be the most advanced two difficulties;
2. The motor system must be the most advanced, and China is the same as abroad. This is a must. It turned out to be three difficulties, and now the other one is difficult.
3. The most difficult electric bus is the motor system, and then the in-depth analysis is the "power battery." China's power battery technology and products are in the first echelon in the world. The conclusion is that the technology of China's pure electric buses is the most advanced.
5. China's pure electric bus technology is the most advanced, but can it be used?
The bottleneck that can not be used in China's pure electric buses is also the power battery. The lithium iron phosphate power battery has been charged more than 2,000 times, that is, it is basically guaranteed for 8 years. The specific energy of the monomer has reached 140 wh / kg, and the system specific energy has reached 100 wh / kg. This indicator is a relatively high probability event of the bus. Basically, it can meet the requirements, but there are certain gaps in dealing with small probability events.
On the way to wait for the progress of China's power battery, bus manufacturers have given full play to their subjective initiative, such as carrying out lightweight research and improving the continuous mileage of pure electric buses; and reducing the labor intensity of multi-frequency charging of bus companies through the convenience of charging, etc. At present, the mature technology has online charging technology, and arranges double-gun fast charging technology for special personnel.
The conclusion is : China's pure electric buses are technically the most advanced and can be used.
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