Mobile phone camera: A unique industrial chain

China is the center of the global mobile phone industry. According to statistics, more than 40% of mobile phones in the world come from China, and global shipments of smartphones account for 38% of mobile phones in mainland China.

The huge market has created China's unique industrial chain. Among them, the mobile phone camera industry has received much attention. At present, mainstream first-line camera module manufacturers have adopted COB production lines; most of the 2, 3, 4 line camera module manufacturers have adopted COB/CSP production lines. Today, the dual camera market is growing rapidly, and all major module manufacturers are in the capacity expansion period.

Mobile phone camera: China's unique industrial chain

Mobile phone camera principle

The mobile phone camera is a shooting device on the mobile phone that can take still pictures or video clips, and is an additional function of the mobile phone. It is divided into two types: built-in and external. The built-in camera refers to the camera inside the mobile phone, which is more convenient. The external mobile phone is connected to the digital camera through the data cable or the lower interface of the mobile phone to complete all the shooting functions of the digital camera.

The working principle is as follows: the scene is shot through the lens, and the generated optical image is projected onto the sensor, and then the optical image is converted into an electrical signal, and the electrical signal is converted into a digital signal by analog-to-digital conversion, and the digital signal is processed by the DSP, and then It is sent to the mobile phone processor for processing and finally converted into an image that can be seen on the screen of the mobile phone.

The camera mainly measures the parameters. Resolution resolution is one of the parameters we are most familiar with. It is mainly determined by the image sensor. The higher the resolution, the finer the image and the better the effect, but the image takes up more storage space.

The so-called camera pixel is the largest pixel in the camera mode. The pixels in shooting are usually small. For example, the N97 camera has 500W pixels, but the maximum resolution in the shooting mode is only 640 x 480.

Mobile phone camera

The mobile phone camera consists of PCB board, lens, holder and color filter, DSP, sensor and other components.

The PCB board is the printed circuit board used in the camera. It is divided into three types: hard board, soft board, and soft and hard board.

Lens: A device that images a scene on a sensor. It usually consists of several lenses. From the material point of view, the camera lens can be divided into plastic lenses and glass lenses. Both glass transmissibility and image quality have great advantages, but glass lenses are also costly. Therefore, the quality of a camera is also related to the lens.

Retainer and color filter: The role of the holder is actually to fix the lens, and there will be a color filter on the holder. The color filter is also a "separation filter". There are currently two color separation methods, one is the RGB primary color separation method, and the other is the CMYK complementary color separation method. The advantage of the primary color CCD is that the picture quality is sharp and the color is real, but the disadvantage is the noise problem. Generally, the digital camera with the primary color CCD is used, and the ISO sensitivity will not exceed 400. In contrast, the complementary color CCD has a Y yellow color filter, which sacrifices the resolution of some images, but the ISO value can generally be set above 800.

DSP: Its function is to optimize the digital image signal through a series of complex mathematical algorithm operations, and finally pass the processed signal to the display.

In the CMOS sensor's camera, its DSP chip has been integrated into CMOS, and they are a whole in appearance. The camera with CCD sensor is divided into two separate parts: CCD and DSP.

Mobile phone camera: China's unique industrial chain

Sensor: It is the core of the camera and the most critical technology. It is a device for receiving light passing through the lens and converting these optical signals into electrical signals. For a simple understanding, we can think of the sensor as a film for a conventional camera. Although the two principles are different, there is a certain similarity in the overall composition of the camera.

The larger the area of ​​the photosensitive device, the more photons are captured, the better the photographic performance, and the lower the signal-to-noise ratio.

There are two main types of common camera sensors, one is a CCD sensor and the other is a CMOS sensor. The difference between the two is that the advantage of CCD is that the image quality is good, but due to the complicated manufacturing process, only a few manufacturers can master it, resulting in high manufacturing costs, especially for large CCDs, which are very expensive. At the same resolution, CMOS is cheaper than CCD, but CMOS devices produce lower image quality than CCD.

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