LED industry test standards have insufficient life expectancy and accurate estimates!
In many applications, most LED lighting systems last longer than traditional light sources. However, some solid-state lighting (SSL) users may find that the selected LED product has a faster failure rate than the life stated in the data sheet. Shortening the life cycle can hurt the user's confidence. LED system failures can be fatal (products can't illuminate) or data can be different (light, but much less than design values).
LED systems have many components (as shown in Figure 1), and any component failure can cause system failure. However, the current industry will practice testing LED devices and treat 70% of lumen depreciation time (such as parameter failures) as the lifetime of the LED system. Since industry standards only require testing one component of the system and assessing the lifetime of the LED system considering only one type of failure, the manufacturer's reported product life may be higher in some applications than the product actually used by the consumer. It is much longer. The US Rensselaer Lighting Research Center (LRC) has conducted a study to illustrate the problem and present potential changes in practice.
â–² Figure 1: Composition of LED system components
Since 2009, the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of Lighting Research (LRC) has been studying the life of LED systems to develop a test program for short-term life expectancy.
Early research funded by the Solid State Lighting Systems and Technology Alliance (ASSIST) found that the cause of failure was the temperature change in the Delta temperature or on/off cycle and the duration of the dwell time or system operation at the highest steady state temperature (see figure 2). In 2014, the Bonneville Power Authority and the New York State Energy Research and Development Agency (NYSERDA) jointly funded the expansion of early research. In this study, three types of LED systems purchased from the market, including LEDA lamps, LEDMR16 lamps, and LED downlights, were tested and 277 LED products were tested.
â–² Figure 2: LED temperature-period curve
Solid State Lighting SSL Test Development
Overall, the results of the study indicate that in order to more accurately estimate the lifetime of the LED system, new test practices must include full system testing and on/off switching. When reporting system life, the shorter of the two failure modes (fatal or parametric) should be considered as the product life, because in the application, the LED system may encounter two types of failures, and Conditions, one type can be dominant.
The results show that if both the operating temperature and the typical on/off mode are known, a test procedure can be developed to accurately predict the lifetime of the LED system in any application. By testing the entire LED system, including power cycles with sufficient dwell time, and by considering fatality and parametric failures, LED system life can be accurately predicted over a 3000-hour test period.
At present, the incorrect expectation of product specification setting is caused by the industry's testing requirements for LED product life cycle data. Therefore, there is an urgent need to revise industry testing standards to better guide product manufacturers and consumers.
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